In order to properly conceive the role of law in the economic sphere, a problem that is usually designated as “good regulation”, it can be instructive to confront what such a concept denotes to one of the most prominent theories of the rule of law in modern societies, the theoryof F. A. Hayek.
FRENCH
Article: Régulation et politique. Réflexions sur l’état de droit.
Afin d’appréhender adéquatement le rôle de la loi dans la sphère économique – un problème habituellement désigné comme relevant de la « bonne régulation » - il peut être instructif de mettre en relief ce qu’un tel concept apporte à l’une des théories les plus marquantes de l’état de droit dans les sociétés modernes: celle de F. A. Hayek.
GERMAN
Artikel : Regulierung und Politik : Überlegungen über den Rechtsstaat.
Um die Rolle des Gesetzes im wirtschaftlichen Sphäre vollständig erfassen zu können – ein Problem normalerweise mit dem Begriff “good regulation” benennt wird –ist es nützlich zu betonen, was solch einen Begriff zu einer der wichtigsten Theorie des Rechtstaates im modernen Gesellschaften mit sich bringen kann – und zwar die, von F. A. Hayek.
SPANISH
Artículo: Regulación y política: reflexiones sobre el imperio de la ley.
Para poder correctamente concebir el rol de la ley in la esfera económica, un problema que es usualmente designado como ‘buena regulación,’ puede ser instructivo confrontarse a lo que tal concepto denota a una de las teorías más prominentes del imperio de la ley en las sociedades modernas, la teoría de F. A. Hayek.
ITALIAN
Articolo: Politica e regolazione finanziaria: riflessioni sulla norma giuridica
Per concepire una norma giuridica in campo economico, problema denominato della “buona regolazione”, può essere interessante riflettere sul contenuto di questo concetto nella teoria di F. A Hayek, una delle più elaborate teorie dello stato di diritto moderno.
PORTUGUESE
Artigo: Regulação e política: reflexões sobre o Estado de Direito.
Para poder conceber corretamente o papel da lei na esfera econômica (questão usualmente conhecida como “boa regulação”), pode ser instrutivo colocar em relevo o que este conceito revela sobre uma das teorias mais proeminentes do Estado de Direito nas sociedades modernas, a teoria de F. A. Hayek.
In The Journal of Regulation the summaries’ translation are done by the Editors and not by the authors
ENGLISH
On December 20, 2011, the Autorité de Régulation des Communications électroniques et de la Poste (ARCEP — French postal and telecommunications regulator) fined La Poste, France’s universal postal service provider, one million Euros for not having provided an easily-available and affordable priority mail service for the shipment of low-value objects weighing less than two kilograms. This failure was in disregard of the regulator’s injunction, French legislation, and European directives.
FRENCH
Par une décision du 20 décembre 2011, l’Autorité de Régulation des Communications Electroniques et de la Poste (ARCEP), condamne à une amende d’un million d’Euros l’opérateur en charge du service universel, La Poste, car celle-ci n’a pas offert d’une façon accessible et abordable, sur un modèle proche de la « lettre », l’envoi d’objet de faible valeur de moins de deux kilos. En cela, l’opérateur a méconnu la mise en demeure du régulateur, la loi française et les directives communautaires.
SPANISH
El 20 de diciembre del 2011, la Autorité de Régulation des Communications électroniques et de la Poste (ARCEP – el Regulador francés de servicios postales y telecomunicaciones) multaron a La Poste, el proveedor universal de servicios postales en Francia, un millón de Euros por no haber proveído un acceso fácil y asequible a un servicio postal prioritario por el envío de objetos de poco valor pesando menos de dos kilogramos. Este fallo fue un acto de indiferencia del mandamiento judicial del regulador, de la legislación francesa y de las directivas europeas.
ITALIAN
Il 20 dicembre 2011 l’“Autorité de Régulation des Communications électroniques et de la Poste (ARCEP – l’autorità di regolazione francese in materia di servizi postali e telecomunicazione) ha fatto una multa a “Le Poste”, fornitore francese del servizio universale di posta, per un importo di un milione di euro per non aver fornito un servizio di posta celere accessibile e affidabile per la consegna di oggetti di poco valore e di un peso inferiore ai due chili. La Poste ha quindi commesso tale infrazione violando la diffida dell’autorità di regolazione, la legislazione francese e le direttive europee.
ARABIC
منذ قرار20 ديسمبر 2011 السُّلطة التنظيمية للاتصالات الإلكترونية و البريد( عادل فرنسي للاتصالات و البريد) ، حكمت علا المشغل المسؤول عن الخدمة العالمي ، البريد*(نِظام بريدي فِرنسِي)، بِدفع غرامة قدرُها مِليون يورو. هذه لم توفِّر سُهولة تُماثِل "الرِّسالة" لإرسال أشياء ضعيفة القيمة ذُو وزن أقل من اثنان كيلوغرام العامل تجاهل إنذار المُنظّم، القانُون الفرنسي و التوجيهات المُجتمعِية. *La Poste : نِظام بريدي فرنسي
LEs autorités administratives indépendantes dotées de la personnalité morale : vers une réintégration institutionnelle de la catégorie juridictionnelle
Like the previous cycles devoted to the general theme of Compliance and aiming to build a "Compliance Law", intended like them to be published in the Regulations & Compliance collection, this cycle addresses a particular aspect of this branch of Law in progress. to develop, which was applied even before it was conceived. The Compliance mechanisms having preceded the conceptualization of this way of doing things, the "Compliance Tools" having been the subject of the previous cycle of conferences, this new cycle addresses what characterizes Compliance : Les buts monumentaux de la Compliance (Monumental Goals of Compliance) .
The notion of "monumental goals" was proposed in 2016!footnote-139. It is central in the compliance mechanisms in that they can only claim to constrain and cost those in which they are inserted in that they tend to achieve goals whose substantial quality is to be "monumental" . This notion is not self-evident, having to be justified, detailed, put into perspective and concretely illustrated, a series of conferences organized by numerous universities is therefore devoted to it.
These various conferences will be held in several places, according to the part taken by the various university structures which bring their support to the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) for the realization of the cycle. This will result in two collective books, one in French: Les buts monumental de la Compliance, the other in English: Compliance Monumental Goals.
This cycle of colloquia Compliance Monumental Goals will take place between April 2021 and November 2021.
📅 Colloquium of May 17, 2021: Public norms and Compliance in time of crisis: monumental goals put to a test, co-organized by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and the Montpellier University Law School, under the scientific direction of Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, Pascale Idoux, Antoine Oumedjkane and Adrien Tehrani: more information about this manifestation here
📅 Colloquium of September 16, 2021, Compliance Monumental Goals: Radioscopy of a Notion, co-organised by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Saclay University, under the scientific direction of Christophe André, Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, Marie Malaurie and Benoît Petit : more information about this manifestation here
📅 Colloquium of October 14, 2021: Compliance and Proportionality, co-organised by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and the IDETCOM of Toulouse University, under the scientific direction of Marie-Anne Frison-Roche and Lucien Rapp: more information about this manifestation here
📅 Colloquium of November 4, 2021: Effectivity of Compliance and international competitiveness, co-organized by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and the Centre de recherches en Economie et Droit de l'Université Paris II, under the scientific direction of Laurent Benzoni, Bruno Deffains and Marie-Anne Frison-Roche: more information about this manifestation here
The technical modes of registration are specific to each colloquium.
In Belgium, the Flemish Region had adopted the Decree of 23 December 2010 to exemp those providing electricity with a renewable source to pay the rate of injection into the electricity transmission network. The Region stated that it was not an act tariff, thus falling under its jurisdiction. The decree, attacked by the energy regulator before the Belgium Constitutional Court, was canceled by the latter in a ruling dated July 12, 2012, because it is an act of pricing, under the only federal competence.
FRENCH
En Belgique, la Région flamande avait adopté le décret du 23 décembre 2010 pour exempter les producteurs d'électricité ayant pour source une énergie renouvelable du payement dû au titre de l'injection de l'électricité dans le réseau de distribution. La Région posait qu'il ne s'agit pas d'un acte de tarification, et que cela relevait donc de sa compétence régionnale. Ce décret, attaché par le Régulateur de l'Energie devant la Cour Constitutionnelle de Belgique, a été annulé par celle-ci dans une décision en date du 12 juillet 2012, parce qu'il s'agit bien d'un acte touchant à la tarification, pour laquelle seul des organes fédéraux sont compétents.
Impartiality of the regulator is one of the most important principles of Regulation and Compliance Law. However, this impartiality can be difficult to implement when the regulation object has a strong moral dimension.
In August 2020, various religious associations sized the Conseil National de Régulation de l'Audiovisuel sénégalais (Senegalese audiovisual regulatory authority) to ask the interdiction of broadcasting on television of the film "Les infidèles" telling the story of a married woman with multiple lovers.
First, the regulator distinguishes the sequences likely to be detrimental to cultural and religious identities and shocking sequences or likely to attack the dignity of the person. Then, it asks the deletion of indecent and obscene scenes and of scenes likely to be detrimental to cultural and religious identities, bans the broadcasting of the film in the television before 10.30 pm, asks an update of the trailer and requires the introduction of a pictogram "forbidden to children under 16" during the broadcasting. The CNRA judges itself able to regulate the content of telefilms in order to protect cultural identities with regards to the law of 4th of January setting its mission.
In 2012, a similar controversy surrounded, in France, the broadcasting of a different film with the same name. However, the purpose and the context were very different because the film was broadcasted at cinema, because it presented adultery men, because it was comic, because the competent regulator was not an administrative body but a professional body and because the broadcasting country was not the same. Here, only the poster was modified.
Thus, an impartial regulation must however taking into consideration "local cultural identities".
