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Updated: Dec. 8, 2011 (Initial publication: Oct. 5, 2011)

Neutrality in Systems of Economic Regulation

I-2.4: The principle of the neutrality of standards (the example of accounting standards)

Translated Summaries


ENGLISH

The subject of neutrality brings to my mind a certain number of preliminary ideas and reminiscences.

First of all, the image of Buddha comes to mind, because it alone expresses the extent to which neutrality is an endless subject, since by thinking about the fact that he isn’t thinking about anything, Buddha is still thinking about something. It also makes me think of contemporary music’s constant attempts to attain a form of neutrality: yet this goal remains unattainable, because it is evident that the search for the neutral, in a sound or a timbre, can probably never be found.

 

FRENCH

Tout d’abord, la figure du Bouddha, qui exprime à elle seule combien la question de la neutralité est un thème sans fin, car en pensant qu’il ne pense à rien, le Bouddha pense malgré tout à quelque chose.

Il me fait penser aussi à la musique contemporaine, à son souci constant d’atteindre une forme de neutralité ; préoccupation à jamais déçue lorsqu’elle reconnaît ultimement que le neutre, en ayant toujours une qualité – un son, un timbre - est probablement introuvable.

 

SPANISH

El principio de los estándares de la neutralidad (el ejemplo de estándares de contabilidad)

El tema de la neutralidad trae a luz un cierto número de ideas preliminares.

Para comenzar, la figura de Buda viene a mente, porque él sólo expresa la naturaleza interminable que es el tema de la neutralidad, ya que al pensar en el hecho de que él no piensa en absolutamente nada, Buda aún así piensa en algo. También me hace pensar el intento constante de la música contemporánea de alcanzar una forma de neutralidad: pero este objetivo permanece inalcanzable, porque es evidente que la búsqueda de lo neutral, en un sonido o un timbre, probablemente nunca se podrá encontrar.

.....................

Other translations forthcoming.

Updated: Jan. 12, 2011 (Initial publication: Jan. 10, 2011)

Sectorial Analysis

II-10.5: Execution of a cooperation agreement entered into between the French financial and energy regulators in relation to the regulation of the market for CO2 emission allowances

Main information

On December 10, 2010, the Commission de Régulation de l’Energie (CRE – French Commission for Energy Regulation) and the Autorité des marches financiers (French Securities Regulator – the AMF) entered into a memorandum of understanding (the MoU). Cooperation between these two sector based regulators is, for the most part, set against the background of, and aims at, a better (or, rather, burgeoning) regulation of the market for CO2 emission allowances and is grounded in the following principles: - both regulators undertake to transmit information necessary to fulfilling each other’s respective expanded legal mandate, i.e.: o protecting investments made in CO2 emission allowances (e.g. by detecting and punishing market abuses, i.e. insider trading, market manipulations, dissemination of false information) for the AMF and; o overseeing transactions made by market participants on the spot and derivatives markets for CO2 emission allowances to make sure that such transactions are in line with transactions made on the markets for electricity and natural gas for the CRE; - such mutual information is to notably take the form of regular bilateral meetings at various levels and mutual information may now cover data that the AMF had to keep confidential due to strict legal privilege restrictions applicable to its officers.

Updated: Feb. 10, 2011 (Initial publication: Feb. 8, 2011)

I. Isolated Articles

I-1.24: The Track and Logic of Regulatory State Building in China: A Case Study of Coal mine Safety

ENGLISH

This article traces the development of the regulatory state in China through the case of coal mine safety and tries to find out the logic of regulatory state building in China as well as its fundamental dilemmas embodied during the process. Based on the change of the coal mine market and governmental agencies responsible for managing coal mines, the article divides the history of regulatory state building into three periods: one of totalitarian command control when production was priority; then under rapid marketization when profits became priority, government regulation began to take shape, and currently safety regulation has become the focus, the government resorts to merging and reorganization of coal mines. The track of regulatory state building embodies the following characteristics: firstly, regulatory reform lacks a clear strategy; secondly, admission control based on licensing is still the primary way of regulation; thirdly, the idea of social regulation, instead of economic regulation based on price and entrance regulation, has gradually appeared; fourthly, gradual reliance on local government on daily regulation; finally, coal mine workers did not have a say in the regulation to defend their own rights.
 
CHINESE
 
论文：中国监管型政府构建轨迹及逻辑：煤矿安全案例研究。
本文透过对于煤矿安全的案例研究，追溯了中国监管型政府的发展历程，并且试图寻找其构建逻辑以及在此过程当中所出现的困境。基于煤炭市场和政府煤炭行业管理部门的变化，本文对于中国监管型政府的构建历程作出了三个历史阶段的划分：首先是全权主义指令支配下的生产优先阶段；而后是在快速市场化背景之下的利润优先阶段，政府监管初具雏形；最后是在当前安全监管为主的背景之下，政府对于煤矿的整合重组。中国监管型政府的构建轨迹有以下几个特点：首先，监管改革缺乏明确的战略指导；其次，基于特许的行业准入制度仍是实施监管的主要方式；再次，逐渐显现的社会性管制替代了基于价格和准入规制的经济性管制；第四，管制行为日趋依赖地方政府；最后，煤矿工人在管制过程当中缺乏话语权去维护自身权益。关键词：监管型政府；煤矿；市场；政府。
 
PORTUGUESE
Artigo : O rumo e a lógica da construção do Estado Regulatório na China: estudo de caso da segurança de minas de carvão
Este artigo retraça o desenvolvimento do Estado Regulatório na China a partir do caso da segurança nas minas de carvão e procura identificar a lógica do Estado Regulatório na China, bem como os problemas fundamentais surgidos durante o processo. Baseado na mudança do mercado de minas de carvão e das agências governamentais responsáveis pela administração de minas de carvão, o artigo divide a história da construção do Estado Regulatório em três períodos: o primeiro de controle de comando totalitário, quando a produção era a prioridade; depois, sob rápida “mercadorização”, quando o lucro se tornou prioridade, a regulação de governo começou a desenhar-se; e atualmente o foco deslocou-se para a regulação de segurança, levando o governo a mesclar e reorganizar as minas de carvão. O rumo da construção do Estado Regulatório contém as seguintes características: em primeiro lugar, a reforma regulatória padece de uma estratégia clara; em segundo lugar, o controle de admissões baseado em demissões ainda é o modo preferido de regulação; em terceiro lugar, a ideia de regulação social, no lugar de regulação econômica baseada na regulação do preço e da entrada, aparace gradualmente; em quarto lugar, confiança gradual em governos locais para regulações quotidianas; finalmente, trabalhadores de minas de carvão não costumavam ter algo a dizer, em matéria de regulação, para defender seus próprios direitos. Palavras-chave: Estado Regulatório; Mina de carvão; mercado; governo.
 
SPANISH 

Artículo: El rumbo y la lógica en la construcción del Estado Regulatoria de China: Un estudio de caso de la seguridad en las minas de carbón.

El artículo traza el desarrollo de del estado regulatorio en China a través de la seguridad de las minas y trata de encontrar la lógica de la construcción del estado chino al igual sus dilemas fundamentales que se permean el proceso. Basado en el cambio del mercado de las minas de carbón y la responsabilidad del manejo del carbón por las agencias gubernamentales, el artículo divide la historia del estado regulatorio en tres periodos: una de control totalitario cuando el énfasis era en la producción; después bajo una “mercaderización” acelerada las ganancias eran la prioridad, la regulación gubernamental comenzó a formarse y la regulación ha sido el enfoque, el gobierno se dedica a unir y reorganizar las minas de carbón. La trayectoria de construcción del estado regulatoria tiene las características siguientes: primero, la reforma regulatoria no posee una estrategia clara; segundo, el control de admisión es basado en la entrega de licencias permanece siendo la manera preferida de la regulación; tercero, la idea de la regulación social, en vez de la regulación económica basada en el precio y la regulación de entrada, ha emergido gradualmente; cuarto, una mayor dependencia sobre el gobierno local para las cuestiones de regulación diaria; y finalmente, los trabajadores de las minas de carbón no podían influenciar la regulación para defender sus propios derechos. 

Albania

Këshilli Kombëtar i Radios dhe Televizionit (KKRT - National Council of Radio and Television)

Këshilli Kombëtar i Radios dhe Televizionit (KKRT) - Street "Abdi Toptani", Tiranë Tirana Phone : +00 355 (0) 42 233 599 Fax +00 355 (0) 42 226 288 kkrt@kkrt.gov.al

Argentina

Centro de Estudios Económicos de la Regulación (CEER)

Centro de Estudios Económicos de la Regulación - Universidad Argentina de la Empresa, Lima 717 . C1073AAO, Buenos Aires Teléfono : +00 54 (0) 800-122-8233 / 4000-7600

Burkina Faso

Autorité de régulation des communications électroniques (ARCE - Regulatory authority for electronic communications)

Autorité de régulation des communications électroniques - Boite postale 01 BP 6437, Ouagadougou 01 Tel. : +226 50 37 53 60 Fax : +226 50 37 53 64 secretariat@arce.bf

Greece

Εθνική Επιτροπή Τηλεπικοινωνιών και Ταχυδρομείων (EETT - Hellenic Telecommunications & Post Commission)

Εθνική Επιτροπή Τηλεπικοινωνιών και Ταχυδρομείων - 60 Kifissias Avenue, 151 25 Maroussi, Athens, Greece Tel. : +30 210 615 1000 fax. +30 210 610 5049 info@eett.gr

Updated: Jan. 10, 2012 (Initial publication: Jan. 10, 2012)

Authors

CHANTER, Athene

Athene Chanter is an associate at Allen & Overy Paris. She holds an LLB in Law and a degree in German and Italian. She trained as a solicitor in London before joining the Paris EU & Competition team in 2010. (...)

Updated: Oct. 27, 2011 (Initial publication: Dec. 24, 2010)

Authors

HAAS, Jérôme

Jérôme Haas' studies consisted in a bachelors' degree in law, and diploma from Sciences Po Paris. Following his graduation from the ENA, he became a member of the Direction du Trésor. On January 15, 2010, he was appointed President of the Autorité des Normes Comptables. (...)

Updated: Oct. 27, 2011 (Initial publication: Oct. 27, 2011)

Authors

FOSSIER, Thierry

Thierry Fossier holds a doctorate in law from the Université Panthéon-Assis (Paris 2). He defended his thesis on the subject of Civil proceeding applied to personal and family law in 2001. (...)
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