On the 16 september 2011, the German Land of Schleswig-Holstein is the first in Germany to implement a law on online gambling, which appears to be one of the most modern and liberal in Europe.
FRENCH
Le 16 septembre2011,le land allemand deSchleswig-Holsteinest lepremier en Allemagne àappliquer une loi surles jeux en ligne, qui semble êtrel’une des plusmoderneset des plus libéralesen Europe.
SPANISH
Informe Temático (el Juego): El Land of Schleswig-Holstein alemán implementa una nueva ley sobre el juego en la red.
El 16 de septiembre del 2011, el Land of Schleswig-Holstein alemán es el primero en Alemania de implementar una ley sobre el juego en la red, lo cual aparenta ser una de los más modernos y liberales en Europa.
In an amicus curiae brief of October 29, 2010, in the Association for Molecular Pathology, et al. v. United States Patent and Trademark Office, et al. case, before the Court of Appeal for the Federal Circuit, the US Department of Justice reversed a longstanding policy by declaring human genes ineligible for patents, because they are part of nature. This new position could have an enormous impact on the medical and biotech industries.
The European Court of Justice handed down a judgement on September 9th 2010 in which it ruled that two criteria of the Austrian Glücksspielgesetz (the Federal Law on Games of Chance) violated articles 43 and 49 EC, that is to say the freedom of establishment and the freedom to provide services.
The Issing Commission, also called the Advisory Group on the New Financial Order, appointed by Chancellor Angela Merkel and directed by Otmar Issing, published a White Paper for the Toronto G20 Summit on June 21, 2010, detailing the criteria for a workable approach towards bank levies and bank restructuring. The Commission recommends two new regulatory measures: the introduction of a Systemic Risk Charge (SRC), and the implementation of a transparent bank resolution regime.
FRANCAIS:
Publication par la Commission Issing du livre blanc "Criteria for a workable approach towards bank levies and bank restructuring" le 21 Juin 2010.
Le Groupe d'Experts sur le Nouvel Ordre Financier, aussi appelé Commission Issing, mis en place par la Chancelière Angela Merkel et dirigée par Otmar Issing, a publié un livre blanc en préparation du sommet du G20 de Toronto le 21 Juin 2010. Ce document détaille les critères pour une approche fonctionnelle de la taxation et la refondation des banques. La Commission Issing recommande de prendr deux mesures régulatoires: la mise en place d'une Taxe sur le Risque Systémique et l'introduction d'un système transparent de résolution bancaire.
GERMAN:
Die Issing-Kommission veröffentlicht das White Paper "Criteria for a workable approach towards bank levies and bank restructuring" am 21. Juni 2010.
Der Expertengruppe Neue Finanzmarktarchitektur, die Issing-Kommission, unter Leitung der früheren EZB-Chef Otmar Issing, und von Bundeskanzlerin Merkel angestellt, hat am 21. Juni 2010 ein White Paper veröffentlicht. Dieser Bericht, der im Rahmen der G20 Gipfel in Toronto vorbereitet wurde, befasst sich mit der Kriterien für eine durchführsbare Einstellung zu einer Bankenangabe und zur Restrukturierung der Banken. Die Issing-Kommission schlägt zuerst vor, eine Bankenabgabe einzuführen, die sich an der Risikostruktur von Bankenaktivitäten orientiert. Dazu noch setzt sich die Expertengruppe Neue Finanzmarktarchitektur für die Einführung neuer und transparenter Regeln zur Restrukturierung von Banken.
SPANISH:
La publicación del Libro Blanco “Criteria for a workable appraoch towards bank levies and bank restructuring” (Critero para un acercamiento factible hacia gravámenes bancarios y restructuración bancaria) el 21 de junio del 2010.
El Grupo de Expertos sobre la Nueva Orden Financiera, también conocido como Commission Issing, establecido por la Cancillera Angela Markel y dirigido por Otmar Issing, publicó un Libro Blanco para la Cumbre del G20 en Toronto el 21 de junio del 2010 en donde detalla el criterio para un enfoque factible sobre gravámenes bancarios y restructuración bancaria. La Comisión recomienda dos medidas regulatorias: la introducción a un Systematic Risk Charge (SRC – un cargo sistemático de riesgo) y la implementación de un régimen de transparencia bancaria.
In Les 100 mots de la régulation (“Regulation in 100 Words”), Marie-Anne Frison-Roche clearly and pedagogically identifies and defines the vocabulary of regulation by making sure, from the introduction, to firmly distinguish between regulation and rule making. Regulation is the maintenance of various balances between principles, rules, and economic and social realities. Rule making is the translation of a collective will emanating from lawmakers or judges, be they national, European, or international.
This article provides an economic perspective on the role played by
competition policy in the development of competition in various
transport sectors. After a brief reminder of some economic features that
are shared by different transport modes, it mainly examines the
principles and practical underpinnings of merger control as it is
implemented in the present context of rapid consolidation in some
transport sectors. Thereby, it stresses some potential shortcomings of
the traditional merger regula tion approach in the particular context of
transportation services, pointing to an excessive attention paid to
potential competition issues on overly narrow relevant markets while
largely ignoring global efficiency-enhancing effects of mergers and
alliances.
ITALIAN
Articolo: Trasporti, concorrenza e politica in material di concorrenza.
Questo articolo delinea una prospettiva economica del ruolo della politica in materia di concorrenza nello sviluppo della libera concorrenza in vari settori dei trasporti. Dopo un breve richiamo ad alcuni aspetti economici, comuni a diversi tipi di trasporto, l’articolo passa in esame i principi e le pratiche fondamentali del controllo delle concentrazione cosi come applicato nell’attuale contesto di consolidamento di alcuni settori dell’industria dei trasporti. Tuttavia, l’articolo mette in rilievo ugualmente alcune carenze potenziali di un approccio classico della regolazione delle concentrazioni nello specifico settore dei trasporti, tra cui l’eccessiva attenzione data alle questioni di concorrenza potenziale su mercati di dimensioni ridotte e la noncuranza generalizzata degli effetti di alleanze e fusioni in materia di efficacia e di progresso.
SPANISH
Artículo: Transporte, competencia y política competitiva
Este artículo da una perspectiva económica sobre el rol jugador por la política de la competencia y el desarrollo de la competencia en varios sectores de transporte. Después de un breve recordatorio sobre las características económicas compartidas por diferentes modales de transporte, examina principalmente los principios y detalles prácticos de la implementación de control de uniones en el contexto presente de consolidación rápida en algunos sectores de transporte. El artículo pone énfasis algunos de los defectos potenciales del la regulación tradicional de uniones, particularmente en el contexto de los servicios de transporte, indicando un enfoque excesivo a cuestiones de competencia potencial en mercados demasiado estrechos y a la vez ignorando los efectos del mejoramiento de eficacia global de las uniones y las alianzas.
PORTUGUESE
Artigo: Transporte, concorrência e política concorrencial
Este artigo fornece uma perspectiva econômica sobre o papel exercido pela política concorrencial no desenvolvimento da concorrência em diversos setores de transporte. Após uma breve retomada de conceitos econômicos compartilhados por modos de transporte diferentes, ele examina principalmente os princípios e os problemas práticos do controle como implementado no contexto presente de rápida consolidação em alguns setores de transporte. Assim, ele sublinha alguns potenciais conflitos no enfoque da regulação tradicional no contexto particular de serviços de transporte, apontando para uma atenção excessiva concedida para problemas de concorrência potencial em muito relevantes mercados enquanto são amplamente ignorados os efeitos na eficiência global.
Transporte aéreo – Avião – Aeroporto – Aliança – Comportamento anti-concorrencial – Falência – Concorrência – Autoridade de concorrência – Política de concorrência – Concentração – Contrato – Subsídios cruzados – Economia de escala – Eficiência – Ganho de eficiência – Barreiras de entrada – Equilíbrio – Comissão Europeia – Custo fixo – França – Londres – Incentivo – Operador incumbente – Infraestrutura – Interconexão – Investimento – Monopólio legal – Liberalização – Rede de longa distância – Estrutura de mercado – Controle – Firma de multiprodução – Rede – Mercado oligopolístico – Concorrência potencial – Preço – Elasticidade de preço – Trilho – Transporte por trilhos – Mercado relevante – Transporte rodoviário – Segmento – Serviço – Tempo – Transporte – Reino Unido – Comunidade urbana – Veículo.*
* Em The Journal of Regulation, estas palavras-chave são fornecidas pelo Editor e não pelo Autor.
Internet needs to be regulated, but by whom and from what criteria?
The high speed building of very different cases shows the urgency of reflections on the principles.
Consider the case in which just entered the British Regulatory Authority Advertising Standards Authority (ASA). Thiss Authority isn't specific to the Internet but the fact the behavior takes place on the Internet doesn't stop the Regulator, the ASA applying its control on "all media".
An Irish betting company organized bets about a future event: conviction or acquittal of Oscar Pistorus for the death of his fiancée. The latter doesn't deny being the author of the fatal blow but claims that he isn't responsible legally.
The website reproduces the accused of a very recognizable way in the form of an Oscar statuette. This is due to the homonymous first name and the statue of the reward. But this is also a triple ambiguity created by the company.
Secondly the statue can't walk as the athlete si one takes off his prosthetic that made him win races.
Thirdly and more than that, if convicted, he remains in prison, Oscar Pistorum would continue to be deprived of his freedom to come and go, and therefore still unable to "walk" freely, the betting firm indicating that it will reimburses money if the accused will "walk" (out of prison - as a sort of miracle ...).
_____
Watchingthat, more than 5,000 people protested. But before whom? In this excess of regulators, people turn to perhaps the most dynamic: in the UK it is probably the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) .
But what to blame?
One could have said that it is illegal to bet on the outcome of a trial.
One could argue that you can't bet about a terrible history, whose center is the death of a young woman.
But it's rather toward the disability side and "minority rights" that the case is taking shape. Indeed, associations see it as primarily a mockery of people who can't walk.
Without further developed if the ASA takes a position on this advertising that the company has since removed, it will take a strong position in the regulation of the Internet and could for example clarify and prioritize the interests that must be respect in the virtual world.
Virtual currency is a perfect example of the difficulties of interregulation: indeed, the bitcoins are currencies created on the Internet, usually to play games, such as poker. Thus intersect banking regulation, banking supervision, regulation and control of the game, Internet regulation itself.
In the US, the situation is complicated in that banking regulation is exercised at the state level, while the Internet is subject to intervention by federal regulators, including the Federal Communication Commission.
