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Ce Règlement s'articule avec le Règlement du 22 octobre 2013.

 

Les deux mettent en place le "Mécanisme de surveillance unique - MSU), premier pilier de l'Union Bancaire, qui confie à la Banque centrale européenne le pouvoir de surperviser les banques systémiques.

S'il s'agit d'une banque systémique "secondaire", la Banque centrale européenne se superpose au Superviseur nationale. S'il s'agit d'une des trois premières banques du pays, la Banque centrale européenne se substitue au superviseur national.

 

La régulation bancaire européenne est toujours en attente de réforme, les Etats-Unis ayant adapté les règles par la loi Dodd-Frank, notamment via la règle Volcker qui exige au sein des banques la séparation de certaines activités et interdit aux banques de dépôt une liste d'activités. En Europe, le Royaume-Uni dispose du rapport de la Commission Vickers, qui prône un système beaucoup plus radical et d'une autre nature, à savoir la séparation entre les banques de dépôt et les banques d'investissement. La Commission Européenne a demandé sur le même thème un rapport à la Commission Liikanen. Celle-ci a rendu son rapport le 2 octobre, dont les conclusions se situent entre les deux. Le rapport ne demande pas la séparation préservant le modèle continental de la banque universelle, mais préconise à l'intérieur des banques la séparation des activités non-risquées de gestion de fonds (qui continueraient d'être garanties par l'Eat) et des activités risquées de gestions de fonds (qui cesseraient de bénéficier d'une telle garantie).

The European Commission has published its institutional architecture of the Union Bank, which is being built in Europe. The primary role is entrusted to the European Central Bank. The ECB shall have power to issue licenses to the 6000 banks acting in the euro area. This institution will supervise to ensure compliance and liquidity. It will restore compliance if necessary. It will have power to impose sanctions, ranging from fines to withdrawal of approval. Thus, institutional reform leads to an extreme centralization of power, national authorities no longer as relays

Libor is the rate set by the bank statements, anticipating purchases liquidity between them. The Libor rate is the result of self-regulation. On this rate, the financial system leans to fix rates many different financial transactions. However, now many banks are sued by authorities, for manipulation. The banks made false statement or organize a cartel, producing a rate in their favor. From the condemnation of the Barclays 26 June 2012 by the Financial Services Authority (FSA), the commencement of proceedings, the constitution of the Commission to think reform Libor estimated pernicious, banks choose their strategy. Most prefer to cooperate fully in themselves investigation leading home and helping the authorities. This was the case of the Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS). Today it is the case of Société Générale (SocGen).

A l'occasion du Conseil des Ministres des Finances de l'Union Européenne qui s'est tenu à Chypre le 14 septembre 2012, Michel Barnier, Commission européen au Marché Intérieur a développé la proposition de la Commission européenne d'une supervision bancaire confiée à la Banque Centrale Européenne. Les Britanniques ont fait observer que la supervision bancaire européenne ne concernerait que les pays de la zone euro, alors que la régulation bancaire européenne concerne tous les pays de l'Union européenne, ce qui va poser problème, en raison des liens très forts entre supervision et régulation. Le Commissaire européen a répondu qu'il n'y avait pas problème, car l'European Banking Authority, régulateur de l'Union, concevrait les règles, et la BCE les appliquerait, les deux notions étant par ailleurs distinctes. On peut être éventuellement moins confiant que lui.

The Libor manipulations successively discovered, led the British Government to request to the Financial Services Authority (FSA) a report to reform the system. On August 10, 2012, a progress report is made public. It proposes not to end self-regulation, but to temper it. Firstly, the declaratory system, too subjective, must be tempered by objective data (real transactions and other reference rate). Secondly, the power of monitoring and sanction of public authorities must be increased. This growing power must be that of the courts... and the Financial Services Authority (FSA). Stakeholders have until September 7, 2012 to respond. The British Government has entrusted in late July 2012 the Financial Services Authority (FSA) a report on the reform that is appropriate to operate concerning the system of Libor. It must be submitted at the end of September. Subsequent events show the method followed.

The case of the Libor is already designated as case which will constitute a turning point in the banking regulation. Indeed, even beyond the astronomical amounts of fines, penalties and damages that were intended to be pronounced, it’ s the declarative system, that is to say the part of self-regulation, the system which is in question. All banks are implicated. Further investigation for agreement is also open. More importantly, it would appear that the Bank of England, Central Bank, knew as early as 2008, has not reacted, or has covered, or even may have been complicit in banks. Therefore, the terrible question appears: "who rely?".

On 31 May, 2012 Mr Jörg Asmussen member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank, said at a Conference behind closed doors in Frankfurt that the situation of Europe requires the establishment of an integrated supervisory banking in the euro area on the more systemic banks, which we can assess the number to 25. To do this, they should be supervised directly by a supranational regulatory authority and not by their national authority. Reuter was in favour of this statement. The European Central Bank spokesman confirmed the quote.