The Conseil constitutionnel (French Constitutional Council) was established by the Constitution of the French Fifth Republic, dated 4 October 1958. It is a court with a variety of missions, including compliance control of the law to the Constitution.
It operates a priori control of French laws but also a post-control of laws since 2008.
The French Constitutional Council regularly makes important decisions on Regulation.
René Sève is a graduate of the Ecole Normale Supérieure, holds an agrégation in philosophy, and a doctorate degree in Law. He also has advanced postgraduate degrees in Philosophy, Social Psychology, and Law. (...)
► Full Reference: Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC), Centre de recherche sur la justice et le règlement des conflits (CRJ) and Centre de recherche en économie (CRED) of University Paris Panthéon-Assas (Paris II), Compliance: Obligation, devoir, pouvoir, culture, ("Compliance: obligation, duty, power, culture"), Salle des Conseils, University Panthéon-Assas, Place du Panthéon, 12, Paris, June 13 & 14, 2023.
To registrer for a physical presence: anouk.leguillou@mafr.fr (the number of places is limited, you will be asked to confirm 48 hours before). To register for a online presence: ClickHERE
🧮The event takes place in the buildings Salle des Conseils of the Panthéon-Assas University (Paris II), Place du Panthéon, 12, 75005 Paris, on 14 June 2023 from 9:00 to 18:30.
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► Presentation of the theme: "The "Obligation" is at the heart of many disciplines. Compliance techniques very often take the form of obligations. But to mention only the first questions that come to mind and in cases, especially those that are referred to the courts, it is paradoxically not so much Contract Law and Tort Law that have been used, since Compliance Law is on the one hand often assimilated to the mass of applicable regulations and its unilaterality characteristic of Regulatory Law, the branch of Law that Compliance Law extends, and on the other hand it is often associated with ethics, morality, a shared culture, everything that seems to distance it from Obligation.
The notions of "duty" and "commitment" are increasingly taking their place in Compliance Law, although their scope is still uncertain. This is why, beyond the multiplicity of "compliance obligations", one may ask whether there is an "obligation to comply", what its definition would be and its relationship with everything that, in Compliance Law, is not one obligation.
It is the topic of this conference and the articles that will follow to identify what will be this hypothesis, which is becoming more and more frequent and could become the standard.
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Method chosen to deal with the topic: For contributing to what will later become the book on the Compliance Obligation, constituting its first chapter aimed at identifying what could be a definition of Compliance Obligation, the method is not to start from the legal instruments of compliance but rather for each of the contributors to draw on their discipline, which they has mastered technically, in order to project it and formulate what, on the basis of this previous mastery and according to his or her own conception, is or should be, or should not be, the Compliance Obligation.
Each speaker gives a half-hour presentation on his topic, which is followed by a 15-minute debate.
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The proceedings of this colloquium will form the basis of the first chapter in the books:
🎤Gilles Lhuilier, professor at the ENS of Rennes, director of the department Droit, Economie, Gestion
🎤Etienne Maclouf, professor of gestion at the Panthéon-Assas University (Paris II)
🎤Stéphane Mouton, professor of Law at the Toulouse 1-Capitole University
🎤Jean-Baptiste Racine, professor of Law at the Panthéon-Assas University (Paris II)
🎤René Sève, director of the Association française de philosophie du droit - AFPD and of the Archives de Philosophie du Droit - APD
🎤Marta Torre-Schaub, director of research at the CNRS,Institute of legal and philosophical sciences of the Sorbonne, University Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris I)
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🔻 read a detailed presentation of the manifestation below:
Madame Christine Lagarde, the French Finance Minister, gives a speech at the inauguration of the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel (ACP – Prudential Control Authority), implemented by the Ordinance of 21 January 2010, in which she explains the philosophy behind the ACP’s activities. Stability and solidity of the international financial system and consumer protection are the ACP’s main responsabilities.
Initially the Regulation assumes the consideration of technical objects (telephone, airplane, train, wheat, currency, electricity, etc.). This practical perspective opposes the abstract view of competition law that neutralizes objects by their monetary evaluation and the elaboration of a "fair price" obtained by the meeting of supply and demand in a market.Thus, each technical object has developed specific regulation as in a cottage garden: banking regulation, financial regulation, railway regulation, telecommunications regulation, power regulation, gaming regulation, horse races regulation, and so on. The body of rules and institutions were built, unique to each object, more effective than the behemoth that is the State in charge of all these so different objects and pursuing so many objectives that it was criticized for its inefficiency.
But different technical objects are not isolated from each other. As financial products have long taken the other items as "underlying". More Internet has introduced a novelty that could be radical.
Indeed, the Internet allows a circulation seems unhindered benefits that fall most often regulated sectors (financial services, health service, audiovisual services, etc.). Moreover, new objects appear, the "connected objects" whose creation is based on the Internet's ability to set effective relationship hitherto separate sectors, eg telecommunication and health services (the "connected health ).
Therefore, the Internet, which is often presented as a regulatory desert, appears as a jumble of different regulations, which contradict or are deformed by passing in the virtual world and crossing or even clashing with other regulation. So Internet would appear at first glance as a "space of interregulation".
The conference of 16 September 2015 dedicates its morning to draw up a diagnostic for measuring the "needs" of the Internet interregulation, so that the afternoon will allow to develop some "solutions" to interregulation. On this occasion, we can measure whether it will adapt traditional regulations because of new technologies and new uses, or more radically rethink sectoral regulations and regulatory law because Internet
"Acting in a neutral way" is an oxymoron. "Companies often require however that States use their powers in a neutral way (eg tax neutrality). In regulated sectors, some are right or even duty , of not being neutral. Firstly, it is the State, which requires the market for other purposes, other temporalities and other values. Secondly, they are also the "crucial operators", which are sort of regulators of second degree, such as transmission system operators or companies capital markets firms. The difficulty increases when the systeme requires neutrality of regulators and judges, when first build economic policy and the second create jurisprudence. Their consistency, impartiality and rationality can create an objectifiable neutralitys
FRENCH
«Agir de façon neutre» est un oxymoron. «Les entreprises ont souvent besoin, cependant, que les États utilisent leurs pouvoirs de manière neutre (neutralité fiscale par exemple).
Dans les secteurs réglementés, certains ont le droit ou même le devoir de ne pas être neutre. Tout d’abord, c’est l’État, qui insère le marché à d’autres fins, d’autres temporalités et d’autres valeurs. En second lieu, ils sont aussi les «opérateurs crucial», qui sont des sortes de régulateurs du second degré : par exemple les opérateurs de réseaux de transport ou de entreprises de marchés financiers.
La difficulté augmente lorsque le systeme économique et politique exige la neutralité des autorités de régulation et des juges, alors que les premiers construisent la politique économique et les seconds construisent la jurisprudence. Le respect qu'ils doivent avoir de l'impartialité et d'une rationalité suffisamment objectivables pourra permettre cette objectivité requise.
Ordinance n° 2010-76 of 21 January 2010 establishes a new independent administrative authority designated as the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel (Prudential Control Authority), resulting from the merger of the approval and monitoring authorities of the banking and insurance sectors.
► Full Reference: Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Law Faculty of Perpignan, Le juge face aux clauses et aux contrats de compliance (The Judge facing clauses and contracts of Compliance), Faculty of Perpignan, 7 April 2023.
🧮The event takes place in the premises of the University of Perpignan, on Friday 7 April 2023, from 9:00 to 18:30. It takes place in a hybrid way.
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Presentation of the theme:
The Compliance obligation will increasingly take the form of contracts. This is because the texts unilaterally adopted by Public Authorities oblige economic operators to adopt clauses to give concrete form to the legal obligations of Compliance, for instance active prevention of corruption or effective vigilance in the value chain to avoid environmental or human rights violations. It also comes from the fact that companies, for many reasons, commit themselves to contribute to the efficacy achievement of the Monumental Goals of Compliance, with the contract being the most natural, balanced and flexible way to achieve this.
In this multiple contractual activity, which can manifest itself either in complete contracts, "compliance contracts", or in stipulations that more or less deviate from the regulations, the judge is never far away, because the judge is always, regardless of the legal system and the type of contract, active in this matter.
The general relationship between the Judge and Compliance Law has just been the subject of a series of symposiums and the publication of a book, La juridictionnalisation de la Compliance (Compliance Jurisdictionalisation, to be published in English). The aim here is to refocus the perspective on what happens when the judge is facing a contract that has Compliance issues at stake or, at the very least, contains Compliance stipulations.
The purpose of this symposium and the articles that will follow is to study this hypothesis, which is becoming more and more frequent and could become the standard.
