In The Journal of Regulation the summaries’ translation are done by the Editors and not by the authors
ENGLISH
Bibliographic Report (Book): Libéralisation et services publics : économie postale [Liberalization and Public Services: Postal Economics] by François Boldron, Claire Borsenberger, Denis Joram, Sébastien Lecou, and Bernard Roy.
The authors of Liberalization and Public Services: Postal Economics set out to provide a complete and comprehensive economic study of the challenges and possibilities engendered by the liberalization of the French Postal Service. Using experiences from other countries and industries, as well as taking into account the specificities of France’s postal service, the authors have used economic studies to provide an exhaustive account of what the contours of the postal service of the future may be.
ITALIAN
Relazione bibliografica (Libri) : Libéralisation et services publics : économie postale [Liberalizzazione e Servizi pubblici: economia postale] di François Boldron, Claire Borsenberger, Denis Joram, Sébastien Lecou, and Bernard Roy.
Gli autori di “Libéralisation et services publics : économie postale” (Liberalizzazione e Servizi pubblici: economia postale) cercano di predisporre uno studio economico completo e comprensivo delle sfide e delle possibilità generate dalla liberalizzazione del servizio postale francese. Utilizzando le esperienze di altri paesi e di altre industrie, e prendendo in considerazione le specificità del servizio postale francese, gli autori hanno usato studi economici per definire il possibile futuro del sevizio postale.
In The Journal of Regulation the summaries’ translation are done by the Editors and not by the authors
ENGLISH
The debate on Net Neutrality faces a major difficulty, namely that of its legal status: does there exist a “legal principle”—meaning a rule somewhere within the entire body of law—with mandatory force that could be used to counter infrastructure operators’ discriminatory practices?
FRENCH
Le débat sur laneutralité du Netfait face à unedifficulté majeure, à savoir son statut juridique:existe-t-il un«principe juridique», qui exprime une règle dansl’ensemble du système juridique - avec une forceobligatoire quipourrait être utiliséepour contrerles pratiques discriminatoires des opérateurs d’ infrastructure ?
SPANISH
El debate sobre la Neutralidad de la Red se enfrenta a una gran dificultad, primordialmente en cuanto a su estatus legal: ¿realmente existe un “principio legal” – es decir, una regla que se encuentra dentro de la disciplina del derecho – con fuerza mandataria que podría ser usado para enfrentar a las prácticas discriminatorios que practican los operadores de infraestructura?
ITALIAN
Il dibattito sulla neutralità della rete si trova di fronte ad una difficoltà rilevante dal punto di vista del suo fondamento giuridico: esiste una norma giuridica obbligatoria – intesa come una norma legale – che possa essere utilizzata contro le pratiche discriminatorie degli operatori?
On April 10, 2012, the Italian Ministry of Economic Development, Mr Corrado Passera, declared that the frequencies of digital terrestrial television (DTT) have a significant economic value and that it is not fair that the State, which owns it, gives them for nothing. This is why Mr Corrado Passera will implement the policy decision announced by the Council President, Mario Monti, who want to organise auctions to sell these frequencies to the highest bidder. "The auctioning will be made by frequency packages". The model of auctioning will be the same as that followed for the 4th generation mobile phone frequencies. In France, the frequencies are sold in telephony, but not in audiovisual material.
Internet needs to be regulated, but by whom and from what criteria?
The high speed building of very different cases shows the urgency of reflections on the principles.
Consider the case in which just entered the British Regulatory Authority Advertising Standards Authority (ASA). Thiss Authority isn't specific to the Internet but the fact the behavior takes place on the Internet doesn't stop the Regulator, the ASA applying its control on "all media".
An Irish betting company organized bets about a future event: conviction or acquittal of Oscar Pistorus for the death of his fiancée. The latter doesn't deny being the author of the fatal blow but claims that he isn't responsible legally.
The website reproduces the accused of a very recognizable way in the form of an Oscar statuette. This is due to the homonymous first name and the statue of the reward. But this is also a triple ambiguity created by the company.
Secondly the statue can't walk as the athlete si one takes off his prosthetic that made him win races.
Thirdly and more than that, if convicted, he remains in prison, Oscar Pistorum would continue to be deprived of his freedom to come and go, and therefore still unable to "walk" freely, the betting firm indicating that it will reimburses money if the accused will "walk" (out of prison - as a sort of miracle ...).
_____
Watchingthat, more than 5,000 people protested. But before whom? In this excess of regulators, people turn to perhaps the most dynamic: in the UK it is probably the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) .
But what to blame?
One could have said that it is illegal to bet on the outcome of a trial.
One could argue that you can't bet about a terrible history, whose center is the death of a young woman.
But it's rather toward the disability side and "minority rights" that the case is taking shape. Indeed, associations see it as primarily a mockery of people who can't walk.
Without further developed if the ASA takes a position on this advertising that the company has since removed, it will take a strong position in the regulation of the Internet and could for example clarify and prioritize the interests that must be respect in the virtual world.
In The Journal of Regulation the summaries’ translation are done by the Editors and not by the authors
ENGLISH
Interchange fees set by the main credit/debit card associations play an important role in the retail banking sector, however they remain largely invisible to consumers.
FRENCH
Les frais d’interchangefixés parles principales associationsde cartes de créditjouent un rôle importantdans le secteur desservices bancaires de détail, mais ilsrestent largement invisiblespour les consommateurs.
SPANISH
Tasas de intercambio establecidas por las asociaciones principales de tarjetas de crédito/débito juegan un rol importante en el sector de negocio de bancario minorista. No obstante, permanecen por la mayor parte invisibles a los consumidores.
ITALIAN
Le commissioni interscambio su carte di credito/debito fissate dalle principali associazioni giocano un ruolo importante nel settore dell’attività bancaria al dettaglio, tuttavia sono ancora poco visibili ai consumatori.
ARABIC
رُسوم التبادُل التي وُضِعت مِن طرفِ جمعيات بطاقة الائتمان لها دورُ أساسي في مَجال المصرفية للخدمات الافرادية, لكِنَّ بقِيت هذِهِ الرُّسُوم غيرُ ظاهِرة لِكثِير المُستهلِكين.
Ofcom
Riverside House
2a Southwark Bridge Road
London SE1 9HA
United Kingdom
Phone call : +44(0)300 123 3333 or +44(0)20 7981 3040
Open Monday to Friday from 9.00am to 5.00pm.
On 7th of August 2020, the Conseil Constitutionnel (French Constitutional Court) made a decision concerning the constitutionality of a French law implementing safety measures against authors of terrorist offenses after their sentence. The law permitting to impose, through an act from the administration, various controls or interdiction to communicate with some people for authors of terrorist offenses after the end of their sanction.
Although the Conseil Constitutionnel estimated that such dispositions was disproportionate with regards to the objective, which prompted it to censor the text, it recognized that, since terrorism seriously disturbs public order through intimidation and terror, the fight against terrorism contributes to the objective of constitutional value consisting of preventing attacks on the public order. Thus it is not the nature but the intensity of the proposed measures which pushed the Conseil Constitutionnel to state this text not constitutional. By the way, the Conseil affirms that if the legislator submits it a law whose the measures are more proportionate to the goal, these, although Ex Ante and justified only by the existence of a risk, will be declared in conformity with the Constitution.
The Conseil Constitutionnel confirms here that the fight against terrorism financing is a "monumental goal" of Compliance Law.
The American Congress is currently examining a bill aiming at restricting online tracking – the Do-Not-Track-Me-Online Act. It should introduce an obligation for any online-tracking firm to allow citizens to opt-out of tracking.
SPANISH
Informe temático (data personal): Decreto para restringir el rastreo electrónico actualmente pendiente ante el Congreso americano.
El Congreso americano está actualmente examinando un decreto que tiene como objetivo restringir el rastreo sobre la red – el “Do-Not-Track-Me-Online Act.” Esto debe introducir una obligación para cualquier empresa de rastreo electrónico de permitir que los ciudadanos se excluya de tal rastreo.
PORTUGUESE
Informe temático (dados pessoais): Projeto para restringir o rastreio eletrônico atualmente pendente no Congresso dos Estados Unidos da América.
O Congresso dos Estados Unidos da América está atualmente examinando um projeto de lei que tem como objetivo restringir o rastreio sobre a rede virtual – o chamado “Do-Not-Track-Me-Online Act”. Isto deve obrigar toda empresa de rastreio eletrônico a permitir que os cidadãos escolham excluir-se de tal rastreio.
Relazione tematica (Dati personali): Una riforma per ridurre il rilevamento delle connessioni online è in discussione dinanzi al Parlamento americano.
Il Parlamento americano sta esaminando una proposta di riforma che punta a ridurre il rilevamento delle connessioni online – il Do Not Track Me OnlineAct (legge denominata “non seguirmi quando sono online”). Tale legge dovrebbe introdurre l’obbligo per ogni società che permette il rilevamento delle connessioni, di dare la possibilità ai cittadini di rifiutare tale tipo di controllo.
The Autorité de la régulation des communications électroniques et des postes (ARCEP — French Telecommunications and Posts Regulator) organized Le colloque sur la neutralité des réseaux [The Colloquium on Network Neutrality], which took place on April 13, 2010. Each actor uses the generality of the term ‘neutrality’ in an interpretation that best suits his opinions. However, neutrality means that there should be no discrimination between Internet users; however, it does not mean that they have the right to everything for free: because there has to be some sort of traffic and bandwidth management, consumer and copyright protection, it is necessary to strike a balance between these contradictory rights in order to allow the network to develop. Therefore, a regulator is necessary. The future development of the Internet depends upon it. For the moment, nobody knows who these legitimate regulators are, and how they would be able to regulate these competing forces, organize information transparency, and encourage long-term investment, while preserving competition at the same time.
FRENCH
L’Autorité de Régulation des Communications Electroniques et des Postes – ARCEP a organisé le 13 avril 2010 un colloque sur « La neutralité des réseaux » (Network neutrality).
L’Autorité de Régulation des Communications Electroniques et des Postes – ARCEP a organisé le 13 avril 2010 un colloque sur « La neutralité des réseaux » (Network neutrality).Le colloque sur la neutralité des réseaux qui s’est tenu le 13 avril 2010 à l’Autorité de régulation des communications électroniques et des postes (ARCEP) présente la question de la neutralité des réseaux au travers de quatre questions : quelles sont les problématiques liées au principe de neutralité des réseaux ? Comment gérer les questions de gestion du trafic, de tarification et de partage de la valeur ? Comment articuler accès aux contenus et aux services et protection des droits des consommateurs ? Quels sont les besoins de régulation sur l’Internet ? Ces questions sont l’occasion pour l’ensemble des acteurs de l’Internet de s’exprimer et de présenter ainsi l’idée fondamentale qui soutient les évolutions de la régulation de l’Internet : l’obligation de non discrimination. Une pleine compréhension de cette idée implique une transparence accrue de l’information, afin que les problématiques techniques auxquelles Internet est confronté ne soient pas l’occasion d’une distorsion de l’offre aux consommateurs.
GERMAN
Die Autorité de Régulation des Communications Electroniques et des Postes (ARCEP - die französische Post- und Telekommunikationsaufischtsbehörde) hat am 13. april 2010 ein Symposium über die Frage der Netzneutralität organisiert.
Die Autorité de Régulation des Communications Electroniques et des Postes (ARCEP - die französische Post- und Telekommunikationsaufsichtsbehörde) hat am 13. April 2010 ein Symposium über die Netzneutralität organisiert. Bei dieser Gelegenheit wurden vier Themen ausführlich diskutiert: welche sind die Problemen, die aus dieser Prinzip der Netzneutralität entstehen. Wie können den Verkehr-, Tarifgestaltung- sowie Wertteilungsfragen verwaltet werden? Wie liegt den Ausgleich zwischen Schutz der Verbraucher und Zugang zu den Inhalte und Diensten? Was braucht die Regulierung des Internets? Dank der Erforschung diesen Fragen von verschiedenen Aktoren des Internets kann die Hauptidee hinter der Regulierung des Internets im vordegrund entstehen: das Prinzip der Diskriminierungslosigkeit. Dieses Prinzip bedeutet, dass die Information immer mehr transparent wird, damit die technische Bedigungen des Internets dazu nicht führen, die Angebot zu verzerren.
SPANISH
La «Autorité de régulation des communications électroniques et des Postes » (ARCEP— el regulador francés de telecomunicaciones y servicios postales) organizó un coloquio, el 13 de abril del 2010 sobre “La neutralité des réseaux » (la neutralidad de la red).
La Autorité de la régulation des communications électroniques et des postes (ARCEP — el regulador francés de telecomunicaciones y servicios postales) organizó Le colloque sur la neutralité des réseaux (el Coloquio sobre la neutralidad de la red), que fue llevado a cabo el 13 de abril del 2010. Cada actor generalmente utiliza el término “neutralidad” de la forma que más le convenga. No obstante, la neutralidad significa que no se debería discriminar entre los usuarios del Internet; pero esto no quiere decir que todos tengan el derecho a servicios gratuitos: precisamente porque se debe tener un manejo del tráfico y del ancho de banda, una protección del consumidor y del derecho de reproducción, es importante poder establecer un equilibrio entre estos derechos contradictorios para fomentar el desarrollo de la red. Evidentemente, es necesario introducir el elemento del regulador. El desarrollo futuro del Internet depende de nosotros. Por el momento, nadie sabe quiénes son estos reguladores legítimos y cómo podrían regular estas fuerzas oponentes, organizar la transparencia de la información y fomentar la inversión a largo plazo… y al mismo tiempo preservar la concurrencia.
In the serie of conferences organized by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) on the topic of the Europe of Compliance, Jean-Jacques Daigre presented the general theme of this conference which took place on May 30, 2018 on the Compliance as an opportunity need to be seized by European companies.
