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Updated: March 24, 2011 (Initial publication: June 29, 2010)

Others

Operational impact, issues or actions from the buy-side to the surveillance platform of supervisors. Organised by the European Institute of Financial Regulation (EIFR) Tuesday, June 29, 2010, 8:30 am to 2:00 pm | Palais Brogniart |Place de la Bourse, 75002 Paris

Europe

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Updated: Feb. 10, 2011 (Initial publication: Feb. 8, 2011)

I. Isolated Articles

ENGLISH

This article traces the development of the regulatory state in China through the case of coal mine safety and tries to find out the logic of regulatory state building in China as well as its fundamental dilemmas embodied during the process. Based on the change of the coal mine market and governmental agencies responsible for managing coal mines, the article divides the history of regulatory state building into three periods: one of totalitarian command control when production was priority; then under rapid marketization when profits became priority, government regulation began to take shape, and currently safety regulation has become the focus, the government resorts to merging and reorganization of coal mines. The track of regulatory state building embodies the following characteristics: firstly, regulatory reform lacks a clear strategy; secondly, admission control based on licensing is still the primary way of regulation; thirdly, the idea of social regulation, instead of economic regulation based on price and entrance regulation, has gradually appeared; fourthly, gradual reliance on local government on daily regulation; finally, coal mine workers did not have a say in the regulation to defend their own rights.
 
CHINESE
 
论文中国监管型政府构建轨迹及逻辑煤矿安全案例研究。
本文透过对于煤矿安全的案例研究,追溯了中国监管型政府的发展历程,并且试图寻找其构建逻辑以及在此过程当中所出现的困境。基于煤炭市场和政府煤炭行业管理部门的变化,本文对于中国监管型政府的构建历程作出了三个历史阶段的划分:首先是全权主义指令支配下的生产优先阶段;而后是在快速市场化背景之下的利润优先阶段,政府监管初具雏形;最后是在当前安全监管为主的背景之下,政府对于煤矿的整合重组。中国监管型政府的构建轨迹有以下几个特点:首先,监管改革缺乏明确的战略指导;其次,基于特许的行业准入制度仍是实施监管的主要方式;再次,逐渐显现的社会性管制替代了基于价格和准入规制的经济性管制;第四,管制行为日趋依赖地方政府;最后,煤矿工人在管制过程当中缺乏话语权去维护自身权益。关键词:监管型政府;煤矿;市场;政府。
 
PORTUGUESE
Artigo : O rumo e a lógica da construção do Estado Regulatório na China: estudo de caso da segurança de minas de carvão
Este artigo retraça o desenvolvimento do Estado Regulatório na China a partir do caso da segurança nas minas de carvão e procura identificar a lógica do Estado Regulatório na China, bem como os problemas fundamentais surgidos durante o processo. Baseado na mudança do mercado de minas de carvão e das agências governamentais responsáveis pela administração de minas de carvão, o artigo divide a história da construção do Estado Regulatório em três períodos: o primeiro de controle de comando totalitário, quando a produção era a prioridade; depois, sob rápida “mercadorização”, quando o lucro se tornou prioridade, a regulação de governo começou a desenhar-se; e atualmente o foco deslocou-se para a regulação de segurança, levando o governo a mesclar e reorganizar as minas de carvão. O rumo da construção do Estado Regulatório contém as seguintes características: em primeiro lugar, a reforma regulatória padece de uma estratégia clara; em segundo lugar, o controle de admissões baseado em demissões ainda é o modo preferido de regulação; em terceiro lugar, a ideia de regulação social, no lugar de regulação econômica baseada na regulação do preço e da entrada, aparace gradualmente; em quarto lugar, confiança gradual em governos locais para regulações quotidianas; finalmente, trabalhadores de minas de carvão não costumavam ter algo a dizer, em matéria de regulação, para defender seus próprios direitos. Palavras-chave: Estado Regulatório; Mina de carvão; mercado; governo.
 
SPANISH 

Artículo: El rumbo y la lógica en la construcción del Estado Regulatoria de China: Un estudio de caso de la seguridad en las minas de carbón.

El artículo traza el desarrollo de del estado regulatorio en China a través de la seguridad de las minas y trata de encontrar la lógica de la construcción del estado chino al igual sus dilemas fundamentales que se permean el proceso. Basado en el cambio del mercado de las minas de carbón y la responsabilidad del manejo del carbón por las agencias gubernamentales, el artículo divide la historia del estado regulatorio en tres periodos: una de control totalitario cuando el énfasis era en la producción; después bajo una “mercaderización” acelerada las ganancias eran la prioridad, la regulación gubernamental comenzó a formarse y la regulación ha sido el enfoque, el gobierno se dedica a unir y reorganizar las minas de carbón. La trayectoria de construcción del estado regulatoria tiene las características siguientes: primero, la reforma regulatoria no posee una estrategia clara; segundo, el control de admisión es basado en la entrega de licencias permanece siendo la manera preferida de la regulación; tercero, la idea de la regulación social, en vez de la regulación económica basada en el precio y la regulación de entrada, ha emergido gradualmente; cuarto, una mayor dependencia sobre el gobierno local para las cuestiones de regulación diaria; y finalmente, los trabajadores de las minas de carbón no podían influenciar la regulación para defender sus propios derechos. 

Sept. 11, 2014

05. Court of Justice of the European Union

Updated: July 21, 2010 (Initial publication: May 5, 2010)

Grey Litterature

After two years of implementation of France, the 2004 Directive on markets in financial instruments is to be reviewed at the European level in 2010. The French report, elaborated by Pierre Fleuriot, examines whether or not the directive’s main objectives –the deregulation of markets and the lowering of trading costs- were achieved in an efficient way.

Doctrine

Complete reference : Manent, Pierre, Histoire intellectuelle du libéralisme, Calmann-Lévy, Paris, 1987 ; reprint, coll. "Pluriel", Fayard, 2012.

Read the coverback (in French).

Read the summary (in French).

Read the foreword (in French).

Updated: July 23, 2012 (Initial publication: July 15, 2012)

Breaking news

In Belgium, in December 2008, the Flemish Region issued a decree tariffing the injection into the electricity in the distribution network. The Belgian Energy regulator, the "Commission de Regulation de l’Electricité et du Gaz" (CREG – Belgian Regulatory Commission for Electricity and Gas), which has federal jurisdiction, challenged this Decree in the Constitutional Court; the regulator considered that the Region has no jurisdiction to establish such a tariff. By the decision of July 12, 2012, the Court gives reason to the regulator and cancels the order adopted by the Region, stating the need for a federal jurisdiction to adopt such tariff, in this case the jurisdiction of the regulator.

Updated: May 9, 2012 (Initial publication: April 29, 2012)

Breaking news

The elections in Senegal bring in power a new President of the Republic. Almost immediately after, the Director General of the Autorité de Régulation des Télécommunications et des Postes (ARTP) – (Regulatory authority of telecommunications and posts) is replaced. It took the form of a Decree of April 19, 2012. The new Director General is Mr Ndongo who is Telecommunications engineer.

Updated: May 7, 2010 (Initial publication: May 5, 2010)

Grey Litterature

After two years of implementation of France, the 2004 Directive on markets in financial instruments is to be reviewed at the European level in 2010. The French report, elaborated by Pierre Fleuriot, examines whether or not the directive’s main objectives –the deregulation of markets and the lowering of trading costs- were achieved in an efficient way.

Updated: Sept. 25, 2012 (Initial publication: July 8, 2011)

Sectorial Analysis

Main information

The technique of “effacement diffus” [diffuse effacement] is when a number of electricity consumers agree beforehand to consume less electricity at certain times (effacement), which allows other consumers to use the network at peak hours. Corporate intermediaries arrange these diffuse effacements, thereby participating in the adjustment system vital to the security of the electricity distribution network. The Commission de Régulation de l’Energie (CRE – French energy regulator) organized the system of “diffuse seffacement” even though this measure was not contained in statute. The Conseil d'Etat (French Council of State)’s Voltalis ruling, handed down on May 3, 2011, recognizes the CRE’s right to organize this system. But, it also deems that the regulator exceeded its powers by mandating that the corporate intermediaries organizing diffuse effacement remunerate the electricity provider.