In the conference cycle organized by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) on the topic of the Europe of Compliance, at the conference of May 30, 2018, Xavier Musca, Deputy Chief Executive Officer of the Crédit Agricole Group expressed how including a European company with a global dimension, whose activity is more specifically banking, integrates the new phenomenon of Compliance!footnote-98.
On 4 July 2012, the Conseil d’Etat (French Council of State) issued a rejection decision validating ARCEP’s dismissal to prosecute in an enforcement case initiated by an association of operators, AFORST. This case brings a broad look back on many years of ARCEP’s regulation of the electronic communications sector and more precisely on the pricing obligations imposed on the incumbent France Telecom within wholesale fixed markets. It provides interesting guidance on the enforcement procedure and on other recourses for competitors to ensure effectiveness of regulated prices.
French
Le 4Juillet2012,le Conseil d’Etata rendu un arrêt validantl'arrêt de la procédure, du fait de la renonciation par l’ARCEPd’engager des poursuitesdans une affaired’exécutionengagée par uneassociation d’opérateurs, l’AFORST.Cette affaireapporte un perspective sur de nombreuses annéesen de régulation de l’ARCEPdans lesecteur des communications électroniquesnet plus précisément surles obligationsimposées auxprix fixes de l’opérateur historique,France Télécom,dans lesmarchés de gros.Elle fournit des indicationsintéressantes surla procédure d’exécutionet surd’autres recourspour les concurrentsafin d’assurerl’effectivité de larégulation des prix.
Online gambling operators must receive the approval of The Autorité française de régulation des jeux en ligne (ARJEL -The French Online Gaming Regulatory Authority) before exercising. It is a priori control that is to say, ex ante, specific of the regulation mechanism. But litigation were born about updates of licensed software, the update requiring a new legal approval. Regulatory authority has just notify to the European Commission on April 15, 2012 the new system that it implements: the authorised operator may modify the software originally certified and will merely notify the Regulatory authority. If it considers it necessary, the Regulatory authority may require that the operator requests a new registration. The system becomes a "semi-ex-post" supervision .
► Full reference: Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and University Jean Moulin - Lyon 3, Centre de recherche Louis Josserand : La contractualisation de la compliance : clause après clause (Compliance and Contracts: clause by clause), 25 September 2026
The symposium is under the scientific responsibility of Marie-Anne Frison-Roche and Jean-Christophe Roda.
Il will be held in French.
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To register:
🧮The event will take place at the University of Jean Moulin - Lyon 3.
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Presentation of the topic: There are numerous compliance clauses. Surprisingly little research has been done on them, which hinders the development of this practice. However, the Compliance Obligation that is so often emphasised in relation to civil liability no doubt because Compliance Law is excessively associated with sanctions, can just as easily originate from contracts and multiple clauses, since this is another way of being bound, without it being anything more than a means for the persons thus bound to fulfil their regulatory obligation.
It is therefore practice that has developed compliance clauses, the very existence of which is the subject of this symposium. By highlighting these provisions, their originality can be revealed, as well as the uniqueness conferred on them by Compliance Law and the diversity that may be required depending on criteria related to the purpose of the clauses, but also to the sector of activity or the identity of the contracting parties themselves.
From this already established practice, it is certainly the Judge who will determine its uniqueness and specificity. This case law is in its infancy because this practice is the result of compliance requirements arising from an emerging branch of Law, which is still under development.
Furthermore, the clauses examined here are not conceived from scratch, but are often adaptations of clauses familiar to lawyers, and as such may be reproduced, regulated, or even restricted or prohibited by rules that fall not only under general Contract Law, but also, clause by clause under Competition Law, Distribution Law, Consumer Law, Judicial and Procedural Law, or Private International law. The logic of Compliance Law, when it takes contractual form, does not always prevail and, in the same way that Compliance Law as a branch of Law is linked to other branches, compliance clauses, if they are to multiply and become more sophisticated, must be subject to this link.
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The proceedings of this symposium will form the basis of a specific chapter in the following publications:
📕Compliance et Contrat, to be published in French in the collection 📚Regulations & Compliance, co-published by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Lefebvre-Dalloz.
📘Compliance and Contract, to be published in English in the 📚Compliance & Regulation Serie, co-published by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and Bruylant (Larcier-Intersentia).
The Autorité de régulation des communications électroniques et des postes (ARCEP — French Telecommunications and Postal Regulatory Authority) published decision 2010-1149 on November 2, 2010, by which it details its plans for regulating the wholesale market for mobile voice termination rates over the period 2011-2013.
FRENCH
Fiche thématique (télécommunications) : L'ARCEP publie une décision relative à la tarification sur le marché de gros de terminaisons d'appel mobile
L'Autorité de régulation des communications électroniques et des postes (ARCEP) a publié le 2 novembre 2010 sa décision n°2010-1149 dans laquelle elle explicite son projet de régulation du marché de gros des terminaisons d'appel mobile pour la période 2011-2013.
GERMAN
Thematischer Bericht (Telekom): die ARCEP, die französische Post- und Telekommunkationsaufsichtsbehörde, veröffentlicht eine Anordnung über Mobilfunkterminierungsentgelte.
Die Autorité de régulation des communications électroniques et des postes (ARCEP, die französische Post- und Telekommunikationsaufsichtsbehörde), hat am 2. November 2010 eine Anordnung n°2010-1149 veröffentlicht, in der sie erklärkt ihre Entscheidung, zwischen 2011 und 2013 die Mobilfunkterminierungsentgelte zu regulieren.
SPANISH
Informe Temático (Telecomunicaciones): El regulador francés de telecomunicaciones publica una decisión relacionada con el mercado de mayoreo y sus tarifas de terminación de llamadas vocales en redes móviles.
La Autorité de régulation des Communications électroniques et des postes (ARCEP – la Autoridad francesa de regulación postal y de telecomunicaciones publicó su decisión 2010-1149 el 2 de noviembre del 2010, en el que detalla sus planes para regular el las tarifas de terminación de llamadas vocales en redes móviles del mercado de mayoreo durante el periodo 2011-2013.
ITALIAN
Relazione tematica (Scommesse): Il regolatore francese in materia di telecomunicazioni ha reso una decisione riguardante il mercato all’ingrosso delle spese per l’uso della rete di telefonia mobile
Il 2 novembre 2010, l’Autorité de régulation des communications électroniques et des postes (ARCEP – l’autorità francese di regolazione in materia telecomunicazioni e poste) ha pubblicato una decisione 2010-1149 nella quale dettaglia i suoi progetti per regolare il mercato delle spese per l’uso della rete di telefonia mobile nel futuro periodo tra il 2011 ed il 2013.
Autorité de régulation des communications électroniques et des postes (ARCEP-法国邮政电信管理局) 于2010年11月2日公布了n°2010-1149决定，旨在于详细说明在2011-2013年度内对于大型移动语音终端市场的监管方案。
This collective work describes the contours of French, European, and International healthcare regulation, and explores past, present, and future evolutions and tendencies in this sector. Original French title: Annales de la régulation, 2009, volume 2, sous la direction de Thierry Revet et Laurent Vidal, collection Bibliothèque de l'Institut de Recherche Juridique de la Sorbonne (IRJS) – André Tunc. (LGDJ)
This article provides an economic perspective on the role played by
competition policy in the development of competition in various
transport sectors. After a brief reminder of some economic features that
are shared by different transport modes, it mainly examines the
principles and practical underpinnings of merger control as it is
implemented in the present context of rapid consolidation in some
transport sectors. Thereby, it stresses some potential shortcomings of
the traditional merger regula tion approach in the particular context of
transportation services, pointing to an excessive attention paid to
potential competition issues on overly narrow relevant markets while
largely ignoring global efficiency-enhancing effects of mergers and
alliances.
ITALIAN
Articolo: Trasporti, concorrenza e politica in material di concorrenza.
Questo articolo delinea una prospettiva economica del ruolo della politica in materia di concorrenza nello sviluppo della libera concorrenza in vari settori dei trasporti. Dopo un breve richiamo ad alcuni aspetti economici, comuni a diversi tipi di trasporto, l’articolo passa in esame i principi e le pratiche fondamentali del controllo delle concentrazione cosi come applicato nell’attuale contesto di consolidamento di alcuni settori dell’industria dei trasporti. Tuttavia, l’articolo mette in rilievo ugualmente alcune carenze potenziali di un approccio classico della regolazione delle concentrazioni nello specifico settore dei trasporti, tra cui l’eccessiva attenzione data alle questioni di concorrenza potenziale su mercati di dimensioni ridotte e la noncuranza generalizzata degli effetti di alleanze e fusioni in materia di efficacia e di progresso.
SPANISH
Artículo: Transporte, competencia y política competitiva
Este artículo da una perspectiva económica sobre el rol jugador por la política de la competencia y el desarrollo de la competencia en varios sectores de transporte. Después de un breve recordatorio sobre las características económicas compartidas por diferentes modales de transporte, examina principalmente los principios y detalles prácticos de la implementación de control de uniones en el contexto presente de consolidación rápida en algunos sectores de transporte. El artículo pone énfasis algunos de los defectos potenciales del la regulación tradicional de uniones, particularmente en el contexto de los servicios de transporte, indicando un enfoque excesivo a cuestiones de competencia potencial en mercados demasiado estrechos y a la vez ignorando los efectos del mejoramiento de eficacia global de las uniones y las alianzas.
PORTUGUESE
Artigo: Transporte, concorrência e política concorrencial
Este artigo fornece uma perspectiva econômica sobre o papel exercido pela política concorrencial no desenvolvimento da concorrência em diversos setores de transporte. Após uma breve retomada de conceitos econômicos compartilhados por modos de transporte diferentes, ele examina principalmente os princípios e os problemas práticos do controle como implementado no contexto presente de rápida consolidação em alguns setores de transporte. Assim, ele sublinha alguns potenciais conflitos no enfoque da regulação tradicional no contexto particular de serviços de transporte, apontando para uma atenção excessiva concedida para problemas de concorrência potencial em muito relevantes mercados enquanto são amplamente ignorados os efeitos na eficiência global.
Transporte aéreo – Avião – Aeroporto – Aliança – Comportamento anti-concorrencial – Falência – Concorrência – Autoridade de concorrência – Política de concorrência – Concentração – Contrato – Subsídios cruzados – Economia de escala – Eficiência – Ganho de eficiência – Barreiras de entrada – Equilíbrio – Comissão Europeia – Custo fixo – França – Londres – Incentivo – Operador incumbente – Infraestrutura – Interconexão – Investimento – Monopólio legal – Liberalização – Rede de longa distância – Estrutura de mercado – Controle – Firma de multiprodução – Rede – Mercado oligopolístico – Concorrência potencial – Preço – Elasticidade de preço – Trilho – Transporte por trilhos – Mercado relevante – Transporte rodoviário – Segmento – Serviço – Tempo – Transporte – Reino Unido – Comunidade urbana – Veículo.*
* Em The Journal of Regulation, estas palavras-chave são fornecidas pelo Editor e não pelo Autor.
The Direction générale de la concurrence, de la consommation, et de la repression des fraudes (DGCCRF – The French Directorate General for Competition, Consumer Affairs, and Repression of Fraud) organized a Competition Workshop on the theme “Transportation and Competition” that took place at the Ministry of Economics, Finance, and Industry, in Paris, on December 16, 2010. These workshops, which are half-day conferences on a given theme, have been organized by the DGCCRF multiple times a year on various themes since 1994. This event was chaired by Anne Wachsmann, a lawyer at Linklaters, and Christophe Lemaire, a teaching assistant at the Law School of the Sorbonne, and a lawyer at Ashurst.
FRENCH
Fiche bibliographique (transports) : La Direction générale de la concurrence, de la consommation, et de la répression des fraudes a organisé un Atelier de la Concurrence sur le thème "Transports et Concurrence"
La Direction générale de la concurrence, de la consommation, et de la répression des fraudes a organisé un Atelier de la Concurrence sur le thème "Transports et Concurrence" qui a eu lieu au Ministère de l'Economie, des Finances et de l'Industrie à Paris, le 16 décembre 2010. Ces ateliers, qui sont des colloques d'une demie-journée sur un thème donné, sont organisés par la DGCCRF plusieurs fois par an depuis 1994. Cet atelier a été présidé par Maître Anne Wachsmann, avocat chez Linklaters, Paris, et Maître Christophe Lemaire, maître de conférences à l'Ecole de Droit de la Sorbonne et avocat chez Ashurst, Paris.
GERMAN
Die Direction générale de la concurrence, de la consommation, et de la repression des fraudes (DGCCRF – die französische Hauptleitung für Wettbewerb, Konsumierung und Betrugsahndung) hat ein Wettbewerbsarbeitstreffen um dem Thema « Verkehr und Wettbewerb » organisiert. Er fand statt im Gebäude des Minsisteriums für Wirtschaft, Finanz und Industrie in Paris am 16. Dezember 2010. Solche Arbeitstage, die eigentlich ein halbes Tag lang dauern, wurden seit 1994 bei der DGCCRF mehrmals im Jahr organisiert. Diese Konferenz wurde von Anne Wachsmann, Rechtsanwältin für Linklaters, und Christophe Lemaire, wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter an der Sorbonner Rechtsschule, und Rechstanwalt für Ashurst, geleitet.
SPANISH
La Directiva general francesa para la competencia, asuntos del consumidor y la represión del fraude organiza un Taller de Competencia sobre el tema de “Transporte y Competencia.”
La Direction générale de la concurrance, de la consommation, et de la repression des fraudes (DGCCRF - Directiva general francesa para la competencia, asuntos del consumidor y la represión del fraude) organizó unTaller de Competencia sobre “Transporte y Competencia” que se llevó a cabo en el Ministerio de Economía, Finanza e Industria en Paris el 16 de diciembre del 2010. Estos talleres, que son de una duración de medio día, han sido organizados por el DGCCRF en múltiples ocasiones a lo largo del año sobre varios temas desde 1994. Este evento fue dirigido por Anne Wachsmann, una abogada de Linklaters, Cristophe Lemaire, un profesor asistente en la Universidad Sorbonne, y un abogado proveniente de Ashurst.
ITALIAN
Relazione bibliografica (Convegno): La Direzione generale in materia di concorrenza, diritto del consumo e repressione delle frodi organizza un convegno sul tema “Trasporto e Concorrenza”
Il 16 dicembre 2010 la Direction générale de la concurrence, de la consommation, et de la repression des fraudes (la DGCCRF – la Direzione generale in materia di concorrenza, diritto del consumo e repressione delle frodi) h organizzato un convegno sul tema “Trasporti e Concorrenza”, tenutosi presso il Ministero dell’Economia e delle Finanze a Parigi. Questi convegni, delle mezze giornate di conferenza su un tema predeterminato, sono stati organizzati diverse volte l’anno dalla DGCCRF su diversi temi sin dal 1994. Questo convegno era presieduto da Anne Wachsmann, avvocato presso lo studio Linklaters, e Christophe Lemaire, professore dell’Ecole de Droit della Sorbona, e da un avvocato di Ashurst.
CHINESE
书目报告（专题论丛）：Direction générale de la concurrence, de la consommation, et de la répression des fraudes（DGCCRF-法国竞争、消费暨打击欺诈商业行为总署）举办了一期以“运输与竞争”为主题的研讨会
Direction générale de la concurrence, de la consommation, et de la répression des fraudes（DGCCRF-法国竞争、消费暨打击欺诈商业行为总署）于2010年12月16日在经济、财政和工业部举办了一期以“运输与竞争”为主题的研讨会。自1994年起，针对与其类似的单项议题的半日制研讨会已由DGCCRF举办多次 。此次研讨会由巴黎Linklaters 律师事务所律师Maître Anne Wachsmann以 及巴黎一大法学院讲师、巴黎Ashurst 律师事务所律师Christophe Lemaire主持。
