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Ofcom Riverside House 2a Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 9HA United Kingdom Phone call : +44(0)300 123 3333 or +44(0)20 7981 3040 Open Monday to Friday from 9.00am to 5.00pm.

In France, The "Autorité de la Concurrence" -ADLC (French Competition Authority) may deliver opinions. An association of importers of petroleum products asked it his opinion on statistics of sales made by each warehouse of petroleum products on each area of the national territory, published monthly. By notice on May 15, 2012, the Authority replied that such statistics on each operator are welcome because they generate transparency on the retail market, although it should be that statistics cover all of the territory and are published every six months or annually.

The Government of Haiti will refer to Parliament so that a regulation Act of the insurance industry could be adopted. So far, it was quite undeveloped. Such a law is expected to facilitate its development without risk. These prospects have been raised in a symposium held in Haiti on May 11, 2012.

2011, 28 July, Loi de finances rectificative pour 2011

Procedure is that by which a body of law finds its unity: the right to an impartial tribunal, as stated in Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, created a new unit in Regulation Law, as it also requires from Regulatory Authorities to "show" their impartiality whenever they act as courts.

Nevertheless, little by little, the national courts and the ECHR itself indicated the contours of this right, which cannot, admittedly, end up nullifying the effectiveness of the mission of Regulators.

It is assumed that whenever a Regulatory Authority intervenes whether in "civil matters", i.e., when it affects the civil rights or the property rights of a person, or in "criminal matters", i.e., when it sanctions a significantly serious behavior, the individuals that are exposed to the power of the Regulator are protected against it by the right to impartiality. Since the regulator has the power to judge, it also has to respond to the condition of impartiality.

As such, not only those within the Regulatory Authority involved should not be in conflict of interest or have already experienced the event (personal, subjective and/or objective impartiality), but the Authority in its organization and processes itself shall give to see its impartiality to the person who is threatened by its power- and, beyond, to the entire society. This objective structural impartiality is called after English law "apparent impartiality."

Yet such a structural impartiality is subject to conditions and limitations, which the 5th section of the ECHR reminded in its 1 September 2016 judgment about the French Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF)(French version only).

Read the analysis below.

2011, 13 may, n°2011-126 (QPC), Société Système U Centrale Nationale et autre

Nicolas Curien is a graduate of the Université Paris IV-Pierre et Marie Curie and a former student of the Ecole Polytechnique and the Ecole nationale supérieure des télécommunications (ENST) (...)

Commission de Régulation du Secteur de l'Electricité (CRSE) Ex Camp Lat Dior BP: 11701 Dakar SENEGAL Tél.: (00 221) 33 849 04 59 - Fax: (00 221) 33 849 04 64 Email: crse@crse.sn