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Updated: Sept. 10, 2012 (Initial publication: Sept. 4, 2012)

Breaking news

The "Confédération Suisse" (Swiss Confederation) has decided to establish a new regulatory system to make more effective liberalization of the postal sector, playing both on competition, the strengthening of the powers of the regulator and the privatization of the incumbent operator. The system entering in place on the 1st of October 2012, the "Conseil Fédéral" (SwissFederal Council) appointed the new board members of the "Poste Suisse (Swiss Post)" as well as those who will lead the new regulator: the Commission de la Poste - PostCom". We observe that these are the former managers of the "Post Suisse".

Updated: Feb. 10, 2011 (Initial publication: Feb. 8, 2011)

I. Isolated Articles

ENGLISH

This article traces the development of the regulatory state in China through the case of coal mine safety and tries to find out the logic of regulatory state building in China as well as its fundamental dilemmas embodied during the process. Based on the change of the coal mine market and governmental agencies responsible for managing coal mines, the article divides the history of regulatory state building into three periods: one of totalitarian command control when production was priority; then under rapid marketization when profits became priority, government regulation began to take shape, and currently safety regulation has become the focus, the government resorts to merging and reorganization of coal mines. The track of regulatory state building embodies the following characteristics: firstly, regulatory reform lacks a clear strategy; secondly, admission control based on licensing is still the primary way of regulation; thirdly, the idea of social regulation, instead of economic regulation based on price and entrance regulation, has gradually appeared; fourthly, gradual reliance on local government on daily regulation; finally, coal mine workers did not have a say in the regulation to defend their own rights.
 
CHINESE
 
论文中国监管型政府构建轨迹及逻辑煤矿安全案例研究。
本文透过对于煤矿安全的案例研究,追溯了中国监管型政府的发展历程,并且试图寻找其构建逻辑以及在此过程当中所出现的困境。基于煤炭市场和政府煤炭行业管理部门的变化,本文对于中国监管型政府的构建历程作出了三个历史阶段的划分:首先是全权主义指令支配下的生产优先阶段;而后是在快速市场化背景之下的利润优先阶段,政府监管初具雏形;最后是在当前安全监管为主的背景之下,政府对于煤矿的整合重组。中国监管型政府的构建轨迹有以下几个特点:首先,监管改革缺乏明确的战略指导;其次,基于特许的行业准入制度仍是实施监管的主要方式;再次,逐渐显现的社会性管制替代了基于价格和准入规制的经济性管制;第四,管制行为日趋依赖地方政府;最后,煤矿工人在管制过程当中缺乏话语权去维护自身权益。关键词:监管型政府;煤矿;市场;政府。
 
PORTUGUESE
Artigo : O rumo e a lógica da construção do Estado Regulatório na China: estudo de caso da segurança de minas de carvão
Este artigo retraça o desenvolvimento do Estado Regulatório na China a partir do caso da segurança nas minas de carvão e procura identificar a lógica do Estado Regulatório na China, bem como os problemas fundamentais surgidos durante o processo. Baseado na mudança do mercado de minas de carvão e das agências governamentais responsáveis pela administração de minas de carvão, o artigo divide a história da construção do Estado Regulatório em três períodos: o primeiro de controle de comando totalitário, quando a produção era a prioridade; depois, sob rápida “mercadorização”, quando o lucro se tornou prioridade, a regulação de governo começou a desenhar-se; e atualmente o foco deslocou-se para a regulação de segurança, levando o governo a mesclar e reorganizar as minas de carvão. O rumo da construção do Estado Regulatório contém as seguintes características: em primeiro lugar, a reforma regulatória padece de uma estratégia clara; em segundo lugar, o controle de admissões baseado em demissões ainda é o modo preferido de regulação; em terceiro lugar, a ideia de regulação social, no lugar de regulação econômica baseada na regulação do preço e da entrada, aparace gradualmente; em quarto lugar, confiança gradual em governos locais para regulações quotidianas; finalmente, trabalhadores de minas de carvão não costumavam ter algo a dizer, em matéria de regulação, para defender seus próprios direitos. Palavras-chave: Estado Regulatório; Mina de carvão; mercado; governo.
 
SPANISH 

Artículo: El rumbo y la lógica en la construcción del Estado Regulatoria de China: Un estudio de caso de la seguridad en las minas de carbón.

El artículo traza el desarrollo de del estado regulatorio en China a través de la seguridad de las minas y trata de encontrar la lógica de la construcción del estado chino al igual sus dilemas fundamentales que se permean el proceso. Basado en el cambio del mercado de las minas de carbón y la responsabilidad del manejo del carbón por las agencias gubernamentales, el artículo divide la historia del estado regulatorio en tres periodos: una de control totalitario cuando el énfasis era en la producción; después bajo una “mercaderización” acelerada las ganancias eran la prioridad, la regulación gubernamental comenzó a formarse y la regulación ha sido el enfoque, el gobierno se dedica a unir y reorganizar las minas de carbón. La trayectoria de construcción del estado regulatoria tiene las características siguientes: primero, la reforma regulatoria no posee una estrategia clara; segundo, el control de admisión es basado en la entrega de licencias permanece siendo la manera preferida de la regulación; tercero, la idea de la regulación social, en vez de la regulación económica basada en el precio y la regulación de entrada, ha emergido gradualmente; cuarto, una mayor dependencia sobre el gobierno local para las cuestiones de regulación diaria; y finalmente, los trabajadores de las minas de carbón no podían influenciar la regulación para defender sus propios derechos. 

Updated: Jan. 21, 2011 (Initial publication: Jan. 19, 2011)

Sectorial Analysis

ENGLISH

The American Supreme Court accepted on November 29th, 2010, to hear Microsoft’s claims in an appeal of a decision of the U.S. Court of Appeals of the Federal Circuit in Washington of December 12th, 2009, arguing that the burden of proof is too high for companies accused of infringement and whose defense is that the patent is not valid.

 

FRENCH
Fiche thématique (Innovation) : L’organisation de la charge de la preuve dans les cas de propriété intellectuelle actuellement en instance devant la Cour Suprême américaine.

La Cour Suprême américaine a accepté le 29 novembre 2010 de recevoir la plainte de Microsoft en appel d’une décision de la Cour américaine d’appel du circuit fédéral de Washington du 12 Décembre 2009. Selon Microsoft, le standard de preuve pour une entreprise accuse de contrefaçon soutenant que le brevet violé n’est pas valide est trop élevée.

 

GERMAN
Thematischer Bericht (Innovation): Die Zuteilung des Beweislasts in Patentverletzungsfälle steht vor dem amerikanischen Obergericht.

Das Amerikanische Obergericht hat am 29. November 2010 Microsofts Klage in einer Anfechtung einer Entscheidung des amerikanischen Bundesberufungsgerichtes in Washington vom 12. Dezember 2009 angenommen. Microsoft behauptet, dass der Beweislast für Unternehmen, die wegen Patentverletzung angeklagt wurden, und die die Ungültigkeit des Patents beweisen wollen, zu schwer ist.

 

 

SPANISH
Informe Temático (Innovación): La organización de la carga de la prueba de casos de propiedad intelectual actualmente pendientes ante la Corte Suprema de los EEUU
La Corte Suprema de los EEU aceptó el 22 de noviembre del 2010 escuchar reclamos de Microsoft en una apelación de la decisión de la Corte americana de Apelaciones del Circuito Federal en la capital de Washington el 12 de diciembre del 2009, argumentando que la carga de prueba era demasiada alta para compañías acusadas de violación y cuyas defensa es que el patente es inválido.

 

 
ITALIAN
Relazione tematica (Innovazione): L’onere della prova in material di proprietà intellettuale dinanzi alla Corte suprema degli Stati Uniti
Il 9 novembre 2010, la Corte suprema degli Stati Uniti d’America ha accettato di pronunciarsi su una decisione della Corte d’appello federale di Washington resa il 12 novembre 2009 contro Microsoft. Quest’ultima sostiene che l’onere della prova che spetta alle compagnie accusate di violazione dei diritti in materia di proprietà intellettuale é eccessivo nel caso in cui il convenuto tenti di dimostrare che il brevetto non sia valido.

 

PORTUGUESE
Informe Temático (Inovação): A distribuição do ônus da prova nos casos de propriedade intelectual atualmente pendentes perante a Corte Suprema nos Estados Unidos da América
A Corte Suprema dos Estados Unidos da América decidiu, no dia 22 de novembro de 2010, conhecer das alegações de Microsoft no recurso contra a decisão do Tribunal americano de Apelação do Distrito federal de Washington de 12 de dezembro de 2009. Em seu recurso, Microsoft alega que seria muito elevado o ônus da prova para companhias que, acusadas de contrabando, argumentam que a patente violada não seria válida.

 

 

CHINESE
主题性报告革新):美国最高法院讨论现行知识产权案件中的举证结构。
 
2010年11月29日,美国最高法院决定听取微软公司针对位于华盛顿的联邦巡回诉讼法院于2009年12月所作决定的上诉,微软认为对于被告企业所承担的证明专利侵权不成立的举证责任标准过高。

 

 

 

 

Updated: Oct. 27, 2011 (Initial publication: Oct. 27, 2011)

Authors

Thierry Fossier holds a doctorate in law from the Université Panthéon-Assis (Paris 2). He defended his thesis on the subject of Civil proceeding applied to personal and family law in 2001. (...)

Europe

European Medecine Agency (EMA) 7 Westferry Circus . Canary Wharf . London E14 4HB UNITED KINGDOM Tel +44 (0)20 7418 8400 . Fax +44 (0)20 7418 8416

Updated: June 5, 2012 (Initial publication: June 4, 2012)

I. Isolated Articles

Updated: May 15, 2012 (Initial publication: May 11, 2012)

Breaking news

On May 4, 2012, Ofcom announced the award of four new community radio licences for services in the south west of England. Community raido service are provided on a not-profit basis focusing on the delivery of specific social benefits tot a particular geographical community or a community of interest. The new awards mean that 251 community radio licences have been awordes for four services in Cornwall and Devon. Some radio services are about health thematics or weillbeing and lifestyle topics, others provide community radio services, for example to villages.

Sept. 23, 2021

JoRC

This scientific event is placed under the scientific responsibility of Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, Juliette Morel Maroger and Sophie Schiller. It is organized by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and by the Centre de recherche en Droit (CR2D) of Paris Dauphine-PSL University

This event is part of the 2021 colloquia cycle around the general theme of Compliance Jurisdictionalisation.

 

 

 

The interventions will be then transformed into a chapter in the books: contributions in the 📕 La Juridictionnalisation de la Compliance  , to be published the Regulation & Compliance series ries, jointly published by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoR)C and Dalloz 

📘Compliance Jurisdictionalisation, 📚   to be published in the Compliance & Regulation Series , co published by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC) and  Bruylant.

____

 

This colloquium will take place in Paris Dauphine-PSL University in September 2021.

 

Presentation of the topic :  

Judges, regulatory and supervisory authorities, or even authorities specially instituted by Compliance Law, such as the Agence Française Anticorruption (French Anticorruption Agency), must implement it.

The colloquium aims initially to identify and discuss the procedural rules that they then specifically implement, in particular when the strong requirements of Compliance Law, efficiency and immediacy, new negotiation techniques and commitment, must be articulated with the traditional procedural requirements that remain.

The question arises in particular as to whether the rules of a fair trial should apply (or can they be similar in transactional procedures and in the context of judicial procedures, and how the control by judges operates during homologation) in transactional procedures, with more or less specific treatment of the evidence used.

Secondly, the colloquium considers the way in which the different judges assess the different constitutive standards of Compliance Law. These are often soft Law and depending on whether the judge is repressive, administrative, or European, his or her assessment will not be legally of the same scope or of the same nature, which together leads to an issue of articulation of method. Due to the breadth of the subject, certain sectors will be particularly examined, in particular the banking sector.

Thirdly, the way in which the judge himself or herself applies Compliance Law will be examined, in what appears to be a balance between pedagogy and sanction. It then appears to play a triple role, in that it ensures compliance with standards but also in that it must find effective solutions in a Law which is more in Ex Ante than in Ex Post and that it must support operators so that they act effectively, by mastering their obligations. The motivation for decisions then appears to be a primary issue.

Because this last phase concerns the even more direct relationship between the judge and the operators and stakeholders, this theme is intended to give rise to a presentation and a round table.

______________

 

Will speak notably: 

 

 

 

 

  • Nicolas Cayrol, Professor at Tours Law School and Director of the Institut d'Etudes Judiciaires François Grua

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Read a more detailed presentation below: 

Updated: Sept. 25, 2012 (Initial publication: Feb. 10, 2011)

Sectorial Analysis

ENGLISH

The Hungarian Parliament voted a law on December 21st, 2010, which came into force on January 1st, 2011, according to which indirect government control over the media is made very tight. This intervenes at the exact same time that Hungary overtakes the rotating Presidency of the European Council. Hungary has now two weeks to put the law in conformity with European standards, otherwise, the European Commission will start legal proceedings against the country.

FRENCH

Fiche thématique (Media): la Hongrie vote une nouvelle loi sur les media qui pourrait violer la Charte des droits fondamentaux de l'Union Européenne.

Le Parlement hongrois a voté une loi le 21 décembre 2010, entrée en vigueur le 1er janvier 2011, qui rend le contrôle indirect des media par le gouvernement très strict. Cela intervient exactement au moment où la Hongrie prend la Présidence tournante de l’Union Européenne. La Hongrie dispose dorénavant de deux semaines pour mettre la loi en conformité avec les standards européens, sans quoi la Commission Européenne commencera une procédure contre le pays.

 

GERMAN

Thematischer Bericht (Medien) : Ungarn wählt ein neuen Mediengesetz, das gegen die Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union verstoßen könnte.

Das ungarische Parlament hat am 21. Dezember 2010 ein Gesetz abgestimmt, das am 1. Januar 2011 in Kraft getreten ist, und das die indirekte Medienstaatsaufsicht strenger macht. Dies geschieht gerade als Ungarn die wechselnde EU-Präsidenschaft übernimmt. Ungarn verfügt uber zwei Wochen, um das Gesetz vertragsgemäß zu machen. Ansonsten wird die Europäische Kommission ein Verfahren gegen Ungarn einleiten.

SPANISH 
 

Informe temático (medios de comunicación): Hungría vota una nueva ley sobre los medios de comunicación, lo cual podría infringir sobre la carta de derechos fundamentales de la Unión Europea.

El Parlamento húngaro votó una nueva ley el 21 de diciembre del 2010, lo cual entró en vigencia el 1ero de enero del 2011, en donde se estipula que los medios indirectos de comunicación del  gobierno serán sujetos a un control más estricto. Este suceso ocurre en el mismo instante que Hungría toma la Presidencia del Consejo Europeo.  Hungría ahora tiene dos semanas para armonizar esta ley con los estándares europeos, y si falla en este intento, la Comisión Europea comenzará un procedimiento legal contra este país. 

ITALIAN
 
Relazione tematica (Mass-media): l’Ungheria adotta una nuova legge in amteria di mass-media che potrebbe essere contraria alla Convenzione europea dei diritti umani
 
Il 1° dicembre 2010, il parlamento ungherese ha adottato una nuova legge, entrata in vigore il 1° gennaio 2011, la quale prevede un controllo stringente ed indiretto del governo sui mass-media, al contempo l’Ungheria lascia la Presidenza del Consiglio europeo. Restano due settimane all’Ungheria per conformarsi agli obblighi dettati dagli standard europei, altrimenti la Commissione Europea comincerà una procedura a livello europeo contro lo Stato.
 
PORTUGUESE
 
Informe temático (meios de comunicação): A Hungria adota nova lei sobre meios de comunicação, a qual poderia violar a Carta de Direitos Fundamentais da União Europeia.
 
O Parlamento húngaro adotou uma lei no dia 21 de dezembro de 2010, que entrou em vigor em 1° de Janeiro de 2011, na qual se prevê que o controle indireto dos meios de comunicação pelo governo passará a ser mais rigoroso. Este fenômeno ocorre no mesmo instante em que a Hungria assume a Presidência do Conselho europeu. Este país agora tem duas semanas para adequar esta lei aos parâmetros europeus e, se falhar nesta tarefa, a Comissão Europeia poderá iniciar uma ação judicial contra este país.
 
CHINESE
 
主题性报告(传媒):匈牙利新媒体法将会触犯欧洲联盟基本权利宪章。
一项由匈牙利议会于2010年12月21日通过,并于2011年1月1日生效的法律授权该国政府对传媒领域实施严格的间接管制。此项干预措施通过之时正值匈牙利接任欧盟轮值主席国。匈牙利政府须在该法律生效两周之内使其符合欧盟法律标准,否则欧盟委员会将启动针对该国的正式调查。

Updated: April 29, 2010 (Initial publication: Feb. 25, 2010)

Sectorial Analysis

Main information

The Conseil National du Barreau (CNB – The French Bar Association) and the Commission nationale de l’informatique et des libertés (CNIL—The French - Commission for Data Privacy) form a partnership to educate lawyers on the « loi informatique et libertés » (Data Privacy Act).