On December 10, 2010, the Commission de Régulation de l’Energie (CRE – French Commission for Energy Regulation) and the Autorité des marches financiers (French Securities Regulator – the AMF) entered into a memorandum of understanding (the MoU). Cooperation between these two sector based regulators is, for the most part, set against the background of, and aims at, a better (or, rather, burgeoning) regulation of the market for CO2 emission allowances.
FRENCH
Fiche thématique (Finance, Environnement, Energie): Exécution d’un accord de coopération passé entre les régulateurs français de l’énergie et des marchés financiers concernant la régulation du marché des émissions de carbone.
Le 10 décembre 2010, la Commission de Régulation de l’Energie (CRE) ET L’Autorité des MarchésFinanciers (AMF) ont signé un accord de coopération. La coopération entre ces deux régulateurs sectoriels a lieu dans un cadre plus général de réflexion sur une meilleure, voire future, régulation du marché des permis d'émission de CO2, et vise plus particulièrement ce but
GERMAN
Thematischer Bericht (Finanz, Umwelt, Energie): Erfüllung eines Kooperationsvertrages zwischen den französischen Energie- und Finanzdienstleistungsaufsichtsbehörden bezüglich auf der Regulierung vom Emissionsrechtehandel.
Am 10. Dezember 2010 haben die the Commission de Régulation de l’Energie (CRE – die französische Energieregulierungsbehörde) und die Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF – die französische Finanzdienstleistungsaufsichtbehörde) eine Vereinbarung geschlossen. Die Zusammenarbeit zwischen beiden Behorden ist Teil einer breiteren Überlegung über eine bessere, sogar zukünftige Regulierung des Emissionsrechtehandels – und zielt besonders darauf.
SPANISH
Informe temático (Finanza, Ambiente, Energía): Ejecución de un acuerdo de cooperación entre los reguladores franceses de finanza y de energía en relación a la regulación del mercado para las cuetos de emisión de gas de carbono.
El 10 de diciembre del 2010, la Commission de Régulation de l’Energie (CRE- La Comisión francesa de la regulación de energía) y la Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF – La Autoridad francesa de los mercados financieros) entraron en un memorándum de entendimiento (MoU). La cooperación entre estos dos reguladores basados en sectores distintos, es, primordialmente, centrado sobre el trasfondo, o bien, tiene como objetivo, una mejor regulación del mercado para las cuotas de emisiones de CO2 y se centre en dos principios (…).
ITALIAN
Relazione tematica (Finanza, Ambiente, Energia): Adempimento di un accordo in materia di cooperazione concluso tra i regolatori francesi in materia di finanza e di energia in relazione alla regolazione del mercato in materia di quote di emissione di CO2
Il 10 Dicembre 2010, la Commission de Régulation de l’Energie (CRE – la Commissione francese in materia di energia) e la Autorité des marches financiers (l’organo francese di regolazione finanziaria – la AMF) hanno concluso un memorandum of understanding (un MoU-una serie di accordi preliminari). La cooperazione tra questi due settori in materia di regolazione finanziaria é, in gran parte, punta a una regolazione migliore (o piuttosto una regolazione maggiore) del mercato delle quote di emissioni di CO2 ed è basata sui seguenti principi.
PORTUGUESE
Informe Temático (Finanças, Meio ambiente, Energia): Execução de um acordo de cooperação firmado pelos reguladores franceses de finanças e energia acerca da regulação do mercado de quotas para emissão de CO2.
A Commission de Régulation de l’Energie (CRE – Comissão francesa de regulação energética) e a Autorité des marches financiers (AMF – Autoridade francesa dos mercados financeiros) firmaram um memorando de acordo no dia 10 de dezembro de 2010. A cooperação entre estes dois reguladores de setor é, em sua maior parte, estabelecida em resposta ao contexto e orientada para uma melhor (ou, mais precisamente, para a emergente) regulação do mercado de quotas para emissão de CO2.
2010年12月10日，Commission de Régulation de l’Energie（CRE-法国能源监管委员会）与Autorité des marches financiers(AMF-法国金融市场管理局)达成了一份谅解备忘录。基于两部门间的监管合作，在极大程度上共同致力于改善或完善二氧化碳排放市场的配额管制。
The Law of Compliance is a branch of law so recent that some still doubt its very existence.
This paper does not take up this question again, nor that so often evoked of the "definition" of the Compliance and the Law that goes, nor the issue of the translation which is appropriate for it.
The purpose of the reflection is rather to observe the movement that started from the requirements of specific sectoral Law, such as Financial Law and Banking Law, which undeniably correspond to "sectors", the Law of Compliance being the extension of the Law of Regulation, an extension that metamorphoses it, extending beyond the regulated sectors.
The pay affected by the first hundred American companies to their best paid corporate officersrepresent more than 2 billion, notably because they include stock options. For the moment, the provision of the Dodd-Frank Act requiring companies to publish the ratio between the remuneration of the officers and the average remuneration of employees, whose the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) must control effectiveness, is not currently observed.
It quarrels on the best model of banking regulation, but the key is to determine the criteria against which we fight. However, two representatives of the Bank of England, during the global meeting of central bankers in Jackson Hole in the US, have appointed what they believe to be the relevant criterion: simplicity. In a short intervention, they stressed that the North American banking regulation would make about 30,000 pages and 60,000 pages for the European Union. Entitling their speech "Dog and Frisbee", they said that it is equivalent to require that a dog learns Newton's laws before catching the Frisbee. Under these conditions, many would would like to return to Glass-Steagall Act, the mere fact that this law was simple.
The Autorité des Marchés Financiers (AMF- French Prudential Supervision Authority) set up a Scientific Advisory Board under the supervision of its president Gérard Rameix, who is also president of the AMF.
The Scientific Advisory Board chose ‘Financial education in the digital era’ as the theme of its annual conference, which was held on 20 June 2016 in partnership with Paris School of Economics.
The conference was opened by François Villeroy de Galhau, Governor of the Banque de France (France’s central bank). He stated that financial literacy “shall help everyone make informed decisions”. In this regard, financial literacy is a “factor for economic efficiency and social fairness”, which justifies involvement from public authorities- including, namely, the Banque de France. In partnership with both the Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de Résolution (ACPR- French Prudential Supervision Authority) and the AMF, the Banque de France ought to be a “caring educator, but an attentive regulator”, as it is “imperative that financial literacy and Regulation should be taken forward jointly, as to allow for new technologies to develop, which would be understood by all and for the benefit of all”.
Three roundtables followed. The first roundtable aimed at assessing financial literacy trends and their impact on the financial behaviour of consumers and investors in Europe. The second session focused on the opportunities opened up by new technologies (upon which Fintechs, e.g., crowdfunding platforms, data aggregators and automated financial advice services are thriving) as regards financial behaviours. Lastly, the third panel discussion, which involved several French (AMF, Institut National de la Consommation- INC, French National Institute for Consumer Affairs) and European (European Commission) Regulators, draw conclusions from the first two roundtables and discussed on the issues that an increasingly digitalised financial education raises for Regulatory authorities.
Since this conference raises many crucial questions for Regulation, it is important to recall what has been said in the panel discussion on the role of Regulator with regards to financial education (I.) before sharing some thoughts on this matter of particular interest (II.).
Two North American representatives to the Congress introduce a Bill organising exchanges of information between private undertakings, mainly the Internet Service Providers, social networks, search engines and the National Security Agency (NSA). The purpose is to protect sites against cybercrime, espionage, etc. Undertakings expressed their disagreement regarding the previous project aims at organising the access to their data stored in favour the FBI (the Federal Bureau of Investigation) to serve the security of the country, are this time in favour of the Bill, because it protects their systems, but the associations of the defence of fundamental freedoms are opposed, by referring to the fourth amendment, which protects every citizen of any non-motivated order for seizure. Fixed on April, 23 2012, the confrontation have since been gained strength, the registration to vote was cancelled and postponed sine die.
On February 1st, 2012, the European Commission rejected proposed merger between the NYSE-Euronext and Deutsche Boerse. The Commission did it, considering that, on the relevant market of financial derivatives, the concentration would give the new firm almost monopoly and that the proposed remedies, notably the access for competitors to the clearing house, are Insufficient.
