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Updated: May 10, 2010 (Initial publication: Dec. 16, 2009)

Editorial Committee

Director of Paris-Dauphine’s Master of International affairs.

Sept. 22, 2020

Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation

Full reference: Frison-Roche, M.-A., Interregulation: way of "cooperation protocol"​ between Regulatory Bodies. Example between French Financial Markets Authority and Anticorruption AgencyNewsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation, 22nd of September 2020

Read by freely subscribing other news of the Newsletter MAFR - Law, Compliance, Regulation

 

Summary of the news: 

Although Regulation Law was born from the notion "sector", constant interferences between sectors and frequent interactions between some sectors and more general questions common to different sectors, make interregulation necessary. Compliance Law being the extension of Regulation Law, this interregulation mechanism is also necessary in Compliance Law. 

This interregulation can take many legal paths like letters exchanges between regulators, the creation of a network of regulators and supervisors at the world level or about some specific question or the adoption of a "cooperation protocol" as the AMF (French Financial Market Regulator) and the AFA (French Anticorruption Agency) did on 16th of September 2020 to reinforce their respective fight against corruption, against market abuses and for the protection of investors. 

This cooperation protocol between the AFA and the AMF has the following subjects:

  • A more efficient methodology concerning the research and the analysis of corruption and market abuses.
  • A more efficient prevention of corruption and market abuses.
  • A better capacity to give recommendations of new regulations to the Legislator.
  • A more rigorous monitoring of international works on the topic. 
  • A more coherent information for the public.

Are regulators the new teachers? 

Updated: March 23, 2012 (Initial publication: Jan. 9, 2012)

I. Isolated Articles

Translated Summaries

In The Journal of Regulation the summaries’ translation are done by the Editors and not by the authors


ENGLISH

Interchange fees set by the main credit/debit card associations play an important role in the retail banking sector, however they remain largely invisible to consumers.

 


FRENCH

Les frais d’interchange fixés par les principales associations de cartes de crédit jouent un rôle important dans le secteur des services bancaires de détail, mais ils restent largement invisibles pour les consommateurs.



SPANISH

Tasas de intercambio establecidas por las asociaciones principales de tarjetas de crédito/débito juegan un rol importante en el sector de negocio de bancario minorista. No obstante, permanecen por la mayor parte invisibles a los consumidores.


ITALIAN

Le commissioni interscambio su carte di credito/debito fissate dalle principali associazioni giocano un ruolo importante nel settore dell’attività bancaria al dettaglio, tuttavia sono ancora poco visibili ai consumatori.

ARABIC


 رُسوم التبادُل التي وُضِعت مِن طرفِ جمعيات بطاقة الائتمان لها دورُ أساسي في مَجال المصرفية للخدمات الافرادية, لكِنَّ بقِيت هذِهِ الرُّسُوم غيرُ ظاهِرة لِكثِير المُستهلِكين. 



..................

Other translations forthcoming.

 

Updated: Sept. 19, 2012 (Initial publication: May 25, 2012)

Sectorial Analysis

Main information

The Italian upper administrative court (“Consiglio di Stato”) ruled that the Autorità per le garanzie nelle comunicazioni (“AgCom” – the Italian Regulatory Authority for electronic communications) is not bound to provide a rigorous justification when issuing decisions not compliant with European Commission’s comments. This judgment is of general interest since, on the basis of a formalistic reasoning, it does not pay adequate attention to the role played by the European Commission in electronic communications’ regulatory proceedings at national level. Under the European regulatory framework (and the multilevel governance system established therein), comments from the European Commission are the main pillar of the horizontal coordination system between the European level and the national level, aimed at creating a competitive common market for electronic communications.

Updated: May 25, 2012 (Initial publication: May 25, 2012)

Contributions

Updated: April 10, 2012 (Initial publication: April 6, 2012)

I. Isolated Articles

Translated summaries

The translated summaries are done by the Editors and not by the Authors.

ENGLISH

The European Commission’s initiatives towards a Single Market in energy, transport and electronic communications should aim to further regulatory transparency and not market homogenisation. The article provides a quantitative and qualitative assessment of indiscriminating homogenisation of the mobile telecommunications market. The potential impacts on market power and the loss of consumer welfare are by no means negligible and imply important policy considerations


FRENCH

Les initiatives de la Commission européenne en vue d’un marché unique des communications de l’énergie, de transport et électroniques devraient viser à une plus grande transparence réglementaire et non pas à l’homogénéisation du marché. Le présent article fournit une évaluation quantitative et qualitative de l’homogénéisation inconsidérée du marché des télécommunications mobiles. Les impacts potentiels sur le pouvoir de marché et la perte de bien-être des consommateurs ne sont nullement négligeables et impliquent des considérations politiques importantes.

Updated: April 4, 2012 (Initial publication: March 23, 2012)

Neutrality in Systems of Economic Regulation

Translated summaries

ENGLISH

The FCC’s 2010 “open Internet” (net neutrality) order went into effect on November 20, 2011. Verizon Communications and Metro PCS have challenged the FCC Order in court, alleging that the FCC lacked statutory power to impose net neutrality rules in connection with Internet access services.

FRENCH

L’ordonnace 2010 de la FFC (le régulateur nord-américain des communications) "open Internet" est entrée en vigueur le 20 novembre 2011. Les sociétés Verizon Communications et Metro PCS ont contesté devant le juge cette ordonnance, alléguant que la FCC n’avait pas le pouvoir légal d’imposer des règles sur la neutralité du net concernant  l'accès aux services d'Internet.

Updated: June 24, 2011 (Initial publication: June 15, 2011)

I. Isolated Articles

ENGLISH

The role of fibre is very important towards connecting to ultra-fast broadband, one of the key action areas of the Digital Agenda. But, Europe is late in its fibre deployment, especially when compared to other advanced economies such as the United States or Japan. At the same time, however, there is still no standard for a European fibre strategy: public as well as private stakeholders are having very different approaches in local FTTx deployment sometimes leading to a waste in private and public funds and being mainly focused on dense areas. This article aims to propose an efficient model for fibre network deployment that can be applied to all European Member States. The model provides high-margin incentives for operators to install fibre network across the whole country, while maximising households’ fibre connection rate through an automatic migration scheme. In a period of weak growth and budget restrictions, the catch-up in ultra-fast broadband internet requires more than ever an efficient policy to maximise the deployment of FTTH at the lowest cost possible to the public. The proposed model serves as an ideal choice given this context.

Alternative operator - Budget - Connexion - Copper network - Cost - Digital agenda - Duplication - Effeciency - Essential facility - Europe - Fiber optic - France - Incentive - Incumbent operator - Infrastructure - Internet - Natural economic monopoly - Network - Price - Provider - Regulatory policy *

* In The Journal of Regulation, these keywords are done by the Editor and not by the Author.

 

PORTUGUESE

Artigo: Do cobre à fibra: uma política de regulação ótima.


O papel da fibra é muito importante em conexões de banda larga de alta velocidade, uma das principais ações na área da Agenda Digital. No entanto, a Europa está atrasada no desenvolvimento da fibra, especialmente quando comparada com outras economias avançadas como Estados Unidos ou Japão. Ao mesmo tempo, porém, ainda não há um patamar para uma estratégia europeia para a fibra: detentores de haveres públicos e privados têm tido diferentes posturas no desenvolvimento de FTTx local, o que leva às vezes a um desperdício de fundos públicos e privados e sendo sobretudo registrado em áreas de densidade. Este artigo objetiva propor um modelo eficiente para o desenvolvimento da rede de fibra que possa ser aplicado para todos os Estados Membros Europeus. O modelo prevê incentivos altos para operadores para instalar redes de fibra por todo o país, enquanto maximiza a taxa de conexões domésticas de fibra através de um esquema de migração automática. Em um período de crescimento desacelerado e restrições orçamentárias, um novo impulso em banda larga de alta velocidade requer mais do que nunca uma política eficiente para maximizar o desenvolvimento de FTTH ao menor custo possível para o público. O modelo proposto serve como uma escolha ideal dado este contexto.

Operador alternativo – Orçamento – Conexão – Rede de cobre – Custo – Agenda digital – Duplicação – Eficiência – Facilidades essenciais – Europa – Fibra ótica – França – Incentivo – Operador – Infra-estrutura – Internet – Monopólio natural econômico – Rede – Preço – Provedor – Política de regulação*.

* No Journal of Regulation, as palavras-chave são fornecidas pelo Diretor, e não pelo Autor.

 

ITALIAN


Articolo: Dal rame alla fibra: un’ottima politica di regolazione

Il ruolo della fibra è molto importante per la connessione ad alta velocità, una delle azioni centrali dell’agenda digitale. Tuttavia l’Europa è in netto ritardo per quando riguarda lo sviluppo della fibra, in particolare rispetto all’economia di altri paesi come gli Stati Uniti o il Giappone. Questo si capisce, però, in quanto non esiste uno standard per la strategia dell’Europa in materia di fibra: gli attori privati e pubblici del settore della fibra stanno avendo degli approcci differenti nei confronti della realizzazione dei FTTx, e tali approcci spesso si concludono in uno spreco di investimenti e si concentrano spesso su aree ad alta densità. Questo articolo si propone di trovare un modello efficace per la realizzazione di una rete a fibra in tutti gli Stati membri. Questo modello prevede degli incentivi elevati per gli operatori che installano delle reti a fibra ottica nei loro paesi, e massimizza la percentuale di connessioni a fibra ottica per nucleo familiare con un sistema di migrazione automatico. In un periodo di crescita ridotta e restrizioni di budget, lo sviluppo di connessioni a fibra ottica richiede una politica quanto mai efficace per massimizzare lo sviluppo del FTTH ai minimi costi possibili per i conti pubblici. Il modello proposto costituisce una scelta essenziale, in considerazione del contesto esistente.

Agenda digitale - Budget - Connessione - Connessioni su rame - Costi - Duplicazione - Efficienza - Europa - Fibra ottica - Fornitore - Francia - Incentivi - Infrastruttura - Infrastruttura essenziale - Internet - Monopolio economico naturale - Operatore alternativo - Operatore storico - Prezzo - Politica di regolazione - Rete *

* In The Journal of Regulation, le parole chiave sono responsabilità dell’Editore e non dall’Autore.

 

SPANISH

Artículos: Del cobre a la fibra : una política regulatoria óptima


El rol de la fibra óptica es de gran importancia en lo que concierne la conexión al ancho de banda ultrarrápida, una de las áreas claves de acción en la Agenda Digital. Sin embargo, Europa se encuentra atrasada en cuanto a su desarrollo, especialmente en comparación con otras economías avanzadas, como la de los EEUU o Japón. No obstante, todavía no existe un estándar para una estrategia europea para la red de fibra óptica; accionistas, tanto privados como públicos, han estado adoptando diferentes acercamientos a la implementación de los FTTx, lo cual suele llevar a un enfoque sobre áreas demasiado densas y al desperdicio de fondos privados y públicos. Este artículo tiene como objetivo proponer un modelo eficiente para el desarrollo de la red de fibras ópticas que podría aplicarse a todos los miembros de la Unión Europea. El modelo provee incentivos de gran margen de ganancias para operadores para la instalación de estas redes de fibras a través del país entero y al mismo tiempo maximiza la conexión rápida de fibras en todas las viviendas facilitado por el uso de un esquema de migración automática. En un periodo de crecimiento débil y restricciones presupuestarias, el “catch-up” en el Internet de banda ancha ultrarrápida requiere ahora más que nunca una política eficaz para maximizar el desarrollo del FFTH y minimizar el coste incurrido por el público.

Other translations forthcoming.

Updated: Feb. 8, 2011 (Initial publication: Dec. 15, 2010)

Sectorial Analysis

ENGLISH
 
The College of the Autorité de régulation des jeux en ligne (ARJEL — the French online gambling regulatory authority), decided to bring a matter concerning three licensed operators before its Sanctions Committee on December 3, 2010.
 
FRENCH

Fiche thématique (Jeux en ligne): première saisie de la Commission des Sanctions de l'ARJEL.
 
Le Collège de l'Autorité de régulation des jeux en ligne (ARJEL) a décidé le 3 décembre 2010 de saisir la Commission de sanction de l'autorité pour un cas concernant trois opérateurs.
 
GERMAN

Thematischer Bericht (Online-Wetten): erster Fall vor der Santionkommission der ARJEL, die französische Behörde für Online-Wettenregulierung.
 
Das Kollegium der Autorité de régulation des jeux en ligne (ARJEL,  die französische Behörde für Online-Wettenregulierung) hat am 3. Dezember 2010 beschlossen, einen Fall bezüglich auf drei Gesellschaften der Sanktionskommission übermittelt.
 
SPANISH
 

Informe Temático (El Juego): La primera referencia a la Comisión de sanciones del ARJEL, la Autoridad francesa de la regulación del juego en la red.

El Colegio de la Autorité de régulation des jeux en ligne (ARJEL – la Autoridad francesa para la regulación del juego en la red), decidió traer ante el Comité de sanciones un asunto sobre tres operadores licenciados  el 3 e diciembre del 2010.

 

ITALIAN
 
Relazione tematica (Scommesse): Prima consultazione del Comitato destinato ad adottare delle sanzioni della ARJEL, l’autorità francese di regolazione delle scommesse online.
 
Il 3 dicembre 2010, il collegio della Autorité de régulation des jeux en ligne (ARJEL – l’autorità francese di regolazione delle scommesse online) ha deciso di sottoporre una questione riguardante tre operatori con licenza dinanzi al suo comitato destinato ad adottare delle sanzioni.

 

CHINESE
 
主题性报告ARJEL(法国在线游戏管理局)首次向法国金融市场管理局处罚委员会提交案件
 
Autorité de régulation des jeux en ligne (ARJEL-法国在线游戏管理局)于2010年12月3日会议决定将一起涉及三家许可运营商的案件交由法国金融市场管理局处罚委员会处理。

 

 
Other translations forthcoming.

Updated: Dec. 15, 2010 (Initial publication: Dec. 15, 2010)

Sectorial Analysis

ENGLISH

In an amicus curiae brief of October 29, 2010, in the Association for Molecular Pathology, et al. v. United States Patent and Trademark Office, et al. case, before the Court of Appeal for the Federal Circuit, the US Department of Justice reversed a longstanding policy by declaring isolated human genes ineligible for patents, because they are part of nature. This new position could have an enormous impact on the medical and biotech industries.
 
FRENCH

Fiche thématique (Innovation, Santé): le Ministère de la Justice américain se déclare opposé à la brevetabilité du génome humain isolé.
 
Dans une lettre d'amicus curiae datée du 29 octobre 2010, dans le cas Association for Molecular Pathology, et al. v. United States Patent and Trademark Office, et al, porté devant la Cour d'appel du circuit fédéral, le Département de la Justice américain renverse sa précédente politique en déclarant les gènes humains isolés non brevetables parce qu'ils font partie de la nature. Cette nouvelle position pourrait avoir un impact très important pour les industries médicales et biotechnologiques.
 
GERMAN
 
Thematischer Bericht (Innovation, Gesundheit): das amerikanische Justizministerium hat sich gegen die Patentierbarkeit des isolierten Humangenoms geäussert.
 
In einem amicus curiae Brief vom 29. Oktober 2010, im Fall Association for Molecular Pathology, et al. v. United States Patent and Trademark Office, et al, 
vor dem Bundesberufungsgericht, hat das amerikanische Justizministerium seine ehemalige Politik aufgehoben, indem sie sich gegen die Patentierbarkeit des isolierten Humangenoms stellt, da sie Teil der Natur sind. Diese neue Politik könnte sehr wichtige Konsequenzen für die Heil- und Biotechbranchen mit sich tragen.
 
 
 
SPANISH

 

Informe Temático (Innovación, Salud): El Ministerio de Justicia americano se declara en contra de la patentabilidad del genoma humano aislado.

En un informe amicus curiae  del 29 de octubre del 2010, en el caso de Association for Molecular Pathology, et at. v. United States Patent and Trademark Office, et al., ante la Corte de apelación del circuito federal, el Departamento de Justicia reversó una antigua política al declarar que el genoma humano aislado es inelegible para los patentes, ya que forman parte de la naturaleza. Esta nueva posición podría tener un impacto enrome en las industrias medicales y de biotecnología.

 
ITALIAN
 
Relazione tematica (Innovazione, Salute): Il US Department of Justice (il Dipartimento di giustizia degli Stati Uniti d’America) si esprime contro la brevettabilità del genoma umano isolato

In una comparsa in quanto amicus curiae datata del 29 ottobre2010, nel caso Association for Molecular Pathology, e al. v. United States Patent and Trademark Office  (l’Ufficio marchi e brevetti degli Stati Uniti), dinanzi alla Corte d’appello federale, il US Department of Justice (il Dipartimento di Giustizia degli Stati Uniti) ha dichiarato, contrariamente alla pratica consolidata, che i geni umani non possono essere brevettati in quanto parte della natura. Questa nuova posizione può avere un impatto considerevole sulle industrie mediche e biotech.

CHINESE
 
主题性报告(医疗改革): 美国司法部宣称反对基因专利权
 
2010年10月29日,美国司法部通过amicus curiae摘要中涉及的一起由美国联邦巡回上诉法院审理并与Association for Molecular Pathology, et al. v. United States Patent and Trademark Office, et al相关的案件,以人类基因为自然地组成部分并无资格取得专利权为由,宣称推翻之前基因专利权的相关政策。这项新政策将对生物与制药企业产生巨大影响。

 

 

Other translations forthcoming.