On 2 March 2018, Koen Lenaerts came to an amphitheater at the University Panthéon-Assas (Paris 2) to inaugurate the series of conferences organized by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC), a cycle that has the general title: Pour une Europe de la Compliance (For the Europe of Compliance). The School of Public Affairs of Sciences Po, the Department of Economics of Sciences Po, the Ecole doctorale de droit privé (Doctoral School of Private Law) at the Université Panthéon-Assas- Paris 2 (Panthéon-Assas University - Paris 2) and the School of Law of the University Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris I), are associated with this cycle. Many personalities will take the floor. They will give contributions for the book that will be published in the Régulations & Compliance Series edited by Marie-Anne Frison-Roche at Éditions Dalloz.
After an admirable lecture offered by Koen Lenaerts, Antoine Garaponfootnote-94, secrétaire générale de l'Institut des Hautes Études pour la Justice (Secretary General of the Institute of Higher Studies for Justice), reacted perfectly in "premier discutant", stressing as everyone his great interest in listening to the demonstration made by the President of the Court of Justice.
He felt that it was hardly possible to speak of "Compliance Law"!footnote-91, because it is above all a Law that ceases to be "prescriptive" to become "relational" ", companies organizing themselves to put goals that are reached in relation with the public authorities. Companies thus develop a "systemic Law" that develops on its own, with alert mechanisms put in place directly by companies that care before the continuity of their economic activities. The notion of third parties disappears, a sort of "direct government" takes the place of the "indirect government" represented by the "third party", the companies having integrated this third party into their own organization, which upsets their relation to time and puts in place a "metajuridic" system.
Antoine Garapon then asks the question of how such a "conversion" could take place, that is to say, this transition of control systeme from the Ex Post mode to the Ex Ante, resulting in companies internalize the task of effective rules!footnote-92. He believes that on the one hand, the system that advocates it has the "market power to impose it and, on the other hand, those who demand it in this system make a" vision of the world "explicit. Antoine Garapon adds the need for a "moral ambition".
However, Antoine Garapon pointed out the United States have met these three conditions.
In his discussion, Antoine Garapon, on the other hand, felt that Europe did not bring them together and that Europe "starts with a handicap", because it does not consider worlwide, because it has no vision of the world, because it has not operated on moral integration.
He insisted that the Court of Justice can carry these three conditions, especially with regard to personal data. Because this is about the digital that Europe has a market power. It is about personal data that the Court of Justice is the place where Europe is both a market and values!footnote-93.
This is why the Court of Justice of the European Union does have a central role for this construction.
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These very constructed, very instructive remarks of Antoine Garapon, thanks to him, perfectly showed, in mirror of the conference of the President of the Court of Justice, the stake: the future.
Beyond the disputatio around the definitions, it is indeed the question of whether or not Europe will build its own compliance mechanisms.
By finding a vocabulary of its own. Not only in French, because the Law is made of words, but also with new words, which leave us "translated-glued" and which will carry European ambitions, as it was the case for the "right to be forgotten" ", very often quoted in the discussion.
Of course, this presupposes "power". But we must already pretend. And the Law has always claimed to pretend. It is in this that it is an Order. This is probably why President Koen Lenaerts insisted on the "juridicization" of compliance, as does the hand of Law that arises on an object.
Traditionally regulated sectors, such as energy and telecommunications, have a very strong local roots, which made them at first dominated by the States even if they were developed by companies, because of the link between the State and territory. Furthermore, the market, which is a space defined by the activities and not necessarily by a territory, was superimposed on the overall economic. When observing the phenomena taking place in new territories, for example the euro area, but more what looks like spaces without territoriality, such as the Internet, or finance, geography seems to disappear. The dynamism of operators led by its own strength to the formation of new geographies which owe nothing to the kind or normative power of the States, as in energy infrastructure. However, to date, there have been in a regulatory report with respect to geography or based on geography. Could we diagnose the disappearance of geography or processing thereof such that the regulations themselves must be radically transformed? It is this question which is the subject of this symposium.
FRENCH
Les secteurs régulés traditionnellement, par exemple l’énergie ou les télécommunications, ont un ancrage territorial très fort, ce qui les a rendus à première vue dominés par les Etats même s’ils étaient développés par des entreprises, en raison du lien entre l’Etat et le territoire. En outre, les Etats ont avec l’espace aérien un rapport consubstantiel car le contrôle de l’air par l’Etat assure la sécurité de celui-ci et de la population ; pourtant, l’Etat vend aujourd’hui des fréquences à des opérateurs privés. En outre, à la notion de territoire, le marché, qui est un espace défini par des activités et non plus nécessairement par un territoire, s’est superposé sur l’ensemble du droit économique, bouleversant notamment la notion et le rôle des frontières. Lorsqu’on observe les phénomènes en cours dans de nouveaux territoires, par exemple la zone euro, mais plus encore ce qui semble être des espaces sans territorialité, comme Internet, voire la finance, la géographie semble disparaître. Le dynamisme des opérateurs conduit par sa seule force à la constitution de nouvelles géographies qui ne doivent rien à la nature ni au pouvoir normatif des Etats, comme en matière d’infrastructure énergétique. Or, jusqu’ici, il n’y a eu de régulation que dans un rapport à l’égard d’une géographie ou s’appuyant sur une géographie. Pourrait-on diagnostiquer la disparition de la géographie ou une transformation telle de celle-ci que les régulations elles-mêmes doivent se transformer radicalement ? C’est cette interrogation même qui est l’objet de ce colloque.
SPANICH
Los sectores regularmente regulados, por ejemplo los de energía y telecomunicaciones, poseen un anclaje muy fuerte, por lo que parecen ser a primera vista dominados por el Estado aunque fueron desarrollados por empresas, por el lazo que existe entre el Estado y el territorio. Los Estados tienen una relación substancial en lo que concierne el espacio aéreo, ya que el control del aire por el Estado asegura la seguridad de él mismo y de la población; y por consiguiente, el Estado vende frecuencias a operadores privados. En cuanto a la noción del territorio, el mercado, que es un espacio definido por actividades y no necesariamente por un territorio, se ha superpuesto sobre el conjunto del derecho económico, y ha transformado la noción y el rol de las fronteras. Mientras que uno observa los fenómenos en marcha en diferentes territorios, por ejemplo la euro zona, pero más aún lo que semeja ser espacios sin territorio, como el Internet y la finanza, la geografía parece desaparecer. El dinamismo de los operadores conducidos por su propia fuerza hacia la constitución de nuevas geografías, que no responden ni a la naturaleza ni al poder normativo de los Estados, como en materia de infraestructura energética. Hasta el presente, la regulación se había limitado a la geografía o se había apoyada en ella de una forma u otra. ¿Podríamos diagnosticar la desaparición de la geografía o una transformación tal que las regulaciones mismas también tendrían que transformarse radicalmente? Esta interrogación será el objetivo del coloquio.
ARABIC
القطاعات المنضمة تقليديا مثل الطاقة والاتصالات السلكية، لديها جذور قوية جدا التي جعلتهم تحت سيطرة الدولة في البداية حتى لو تم تطويرها من قبل مع الشركات، وذلك بسبب الارتباط بين الدولة و الإقليم. وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، الدول التي لديها مع المجال الجوي تقرير الجوهر لأن سيطرة الدولة عليه يضمن سلامته و سلامة الشعب، ومع ذلك فإن الدولة تبيع ترددات إلى المشغلين القطاع الخاص وعلى ذلك، تم فرضه على مفهوم الأرض، والسوق، الذي هو مساحة محددة من خلال الأنشطة وليس بالضرورة من الأراضي، في القانون الاقتصادي العام ، بما في ذلك فكرة مروعة وحدود الدور. عندما نلاحظ الظواهر التي تحدث في مناطق جديدة، على سبيل المثال في منطقة اليورو، ولكن أكثر ما يشبه الأماكن دون الإقليمية، مثل شبكة الإنترنت، أو التمويل، الجغرافية تبدو أنها تختفي. نشاطية المشغلين تقيد قوة خاصة بها لتشكيل مناطق جغرافية جديدة والتي لديها أي شيء لهذا النوع أو القوة المعيارية للدول، كما هو الحال في البنية التحتية للطاقة. لكن، حتى هناك، كان تقريرا تنظيميا فيما يتعلق بالجغرافية أو على أساس الجغرافية. هل يمكننا تشخيص اختفاء الجغرافية أو تحولها مثل ذلك يجب أن الانضمة تتغير كليا ؟ هذا هو سؤال الموضوع لهذه الندوة.
