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Belgium

Commission de Régulation de l'Electricité et du Gaz (CREG - Electric and Gas Regulatory Commission)

Commission de Régulation de l’Électricité et du Gaz - Rue de l'Industrie 26-38, B-1040 Bruxelles Téléphone : + 32 2 289 76 11 Fax : + 32 2 289 76 09

Norway

Finanstilsynet (The Financial Supervisory Authority of Norway)

Finanstilsynet - P.O. Box 1187 Sentrum, NO-0107 Oslo Tel. : + 47 22 93 98 00 Fax: + 47 22 63 02 26 post@finanstilsynet.no

Updated: May 18, 2012 (Initial publication: May 13, 2012)

Breaking news

Haiti is working on the adoption of a system of insurance regulation.

The Government of Haiti will refer to Parliament so that a regulation Act of the insurance industry could be adopted. So far, it was quite undeveloped. Such a law is expected to facilitate its development without risk. These prospects have been raised in a symposium held in Haiti on May 11, 2012.

Updated: July 23, 2012 (Initial publication: July 8, 2012)

Breaking news

Estonia is pursued by the European Commission, in that it makes no distinction its activities as regulator and operator on telecommunications.

In Estonia, State owns the company Levira Ltd., which operates telecommunications. Meanwhile, the Minister for Economic Affairs which assigns and manages the radio frequencies, numberings and ensures the functioning of the universal service. But a principle of regulation prohibits the cumulation by the state of the quality of regulator and the quality of operator. This is why the European Commission opened an infringement procedure to the right of the European Union against the Estonia 1 July 2012 and asked by a reasoned opinion, to separate clearly its two activities, to ensure the required impartiality attached to the exercise of the powers of regulation.

Updated: Nov. 25, 2010 (Initial publication: Oct. 13, 2010)

I. Isolated Articles

I-1.19 : When Regulation rhymes with supervision : the example of the new european supervisory architecture

 

ENGLISH

The paper suggests that the neo-realistic theory of Regulation encompasses both regulatory legal rules as well as an authoritarian supervisory monitoring of their application by market participants. Further, supervision should not merely encompass microeconomic supervision but rather integrate that financial market’s interconnectedness (finance, banking and insurance) entails a reform of its current architecture, in order to preserve from market failures the system as a whole. Regulation is transversal and should not be understood as sector-specific but rather as a governance mechanism for whole systems.

 

FRENCH


Quand régulation rime avec supervision: l'exemple de la nouvelle architecture de supervision européenne

L'article suggère que la théorie néo-réaliste de la régulation inclut à la fois les règles légales régulatoires ainsi que la supervision autoritaire de leur application par les acteurs du marché. De plus, la supervision ne doit pas comprendre uniquement la supervision microéconomique, mais doit plutôt intégrer que l'interconnectivité propre aux marchés financiers (finance, banque et assurance) suppose une réforme de son architecture actuelle afin de prémunir le système dans son ensemble des défaillances de marché. La régulation est transversale et ne devrait pas être comprise comme spécifique à un secteur, mais comme un mécanisme de gouvernance pour le système dans son ensemble.

 

GERMAN

Wenn Regulierung mit Überwachung reimt: das Beispiel der neuen europäischen Überwachungsarchitecktur.

Dieser Artikel deutet an, dass die neo-realistische Theorie der Regulierung beide die juristischen Regeln der Regulierung sowie die autoritärische Überwachung ihrer Anwendung integriert. Ausserdem soll unter dem Begriff Überwachung nicht nur die mikroökonomische Überwachung verstanden werden, aber auch die Verbindungen zwischen Finanzmärkte (Finanz, Bank, Versicherung), was eigentlich die Reform der heutigen Architektur bedeuten soll, um dem System von Märtkeversagen zu schützen. Die Regulierung ist transversal, und soll nicht nur mit Hinweis auf dem Sektor verstanden werden, sondern als ein Mechanismus für die Führung des Systems im breiten Sinne.

SPANISH

Cuando la Regulación rima con la supervisión: el ejemplo de la arquitectura de la nueva estructura de supervisión.

Este informe sugiera que la teoría neo-realística de la Regulación abarca tanto las reglas legales regulatorias como la supervisión autoritaria monitoreada de su aplicación por los participantes en el marcado. Además, la supervisión no debería solamente abarcar la supervisión microeconómica, sino que también debería integrar la naturaleza interconectada del mercado (financiera, bancaria y de seguros) lo cual requeriría de reformas de su arquitectura actual para poder preservarse de los fallos de mercado del sistema en general. La regulación es transversal y no debería conocerse como sector-específico sino como un mecanismo de gobierno para sistemas enteros.

 

ITALIAN

 

 

 

Articolo: Quando regolazione fa rima con supervisione: l’esempio della nuova organizzazione europea di supervisione.

 

 

 

L’articolo suggerisce che la teoria neorealista della regolazione racchiude sia norme legali di regolazione che una supervisione della loro applicazione da parte degli operatori del mercato. Inoltre, la supervisione non dovrebbe semplicemente includere una supervisione microeconomica quanto piuttosto introdurre un’interconnessione (finanza, banca e assicurazioni) del mercato finanziario, cosa che implica una riforma dell’organizzazione attuale, al fine di proteggere il sistema nel suo complesso da un mancato funzionamento del mercato. La regolazione é trasversale e non dovrebbe essere intesa come un meccanismo di settore ma piuttosto come un meccanismo globale di governance.

  

Updated: Sept. 25, 2012 (Initial publication: April 13, 2010)

Sectorial Analysis

II-4.3 : Decision of the Federal Appeals Court in Washington, D.C. handed down on 6 April 2010: Comcast Corporation vs. Federal Communication Commission (FCC). This Regulator is incompetent to impose the theory of Network and Internet Neutrality.

Main information

The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit strikes down a decision that the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the American telecommunications regulation agency, had taken against an Internet service provider, on the grounds that the FCC is incompetent to impose the theory of network neutrality on Internet service providers.

Updated: May 9, 2012 (Initial publication: April 24, 2012)

Breaking news

The "Association Française pour le Nommage Internet en Coopération" (AFNIC- the French Co-operative Association for Internet Names) allows the use of new characters.

In the same way that internationally, a private association ICANN, operates on Internet domain names, a number of domain names that are more specific to the France (such as "free" or "pm.") are managed by L’Association Française pour le Nommage Internet en Coopération (AFNIC- the French Co-operative Association for Internet Names). This association is composed of individuals but also of representatives of ministries. It has the normative authority of "naming", i.e. the power to allow the use of such or such letter. The alphabet is a convention, a set of standards as one another, also arbitrary and binding than another, also ideological and powerful than another. However, so far, only "low" letters could be used, it is - be a latin alphabet without accent. From May, 3 2012, the accents will be allowed. That is progress, that the association it's justified by the aim at becoming closer its standards of the French language and surnames.

Updated: June 26, 2012 (Initial publication: June 19, 2012)

Breaking news

In the United States, the judgment of 6 June 2012 considered that Google was free to use Java to build its own computer system, because the first were not patentable.

In the United States, a trial opposes Oracle, applicant, Google, defendant. Indeed, Google has developed its computer system Android from elements of Java. Oracle holds a series of patents on Java and considers that, in doing so; Google infringed it's right to intellectual property. The financial stake of the trial is considerable. The issue of principle also, since it is a question of whether mathematical algorithm of departure was patentable, or at the very least protected by copyright law. Third rank of attack, as presented to the jury, Oracle argued that, even if one were to consider that it was not "owner", Google infringed the general rule of "fair use", leading to the beginning of the general field of the responsibility. In the first instance, the judgment of 9 June 2012 dismissed all, believing that technique debated was not quite original but a technique allowing two computer languages pre-existing dialogue, which is not copyrightable, and that a third party may use. This case is exemplary of the innovation place, as the case law to be inserted into the markets and industries. Oracle will appeal.

Updated: April 12, 2010 (Initial publication: April 6, 2010)

Contributions

Sectorial report (Health) : A United States Federal Court found that payments made by Schering Plough in order to delay the introduction of generic forms of its drugs did not violate Antitrust Law, in a 26 March 2010 decision.

Updated: Sept. 25, 2012 (Initial publication: April 10, 2010)

Sectorial Analysis

II-3.1: Decision of the Federal Appeals Court in Washington, D.C. handed down on 6 April 2010: Comcast Corporation vs. Federal Communication Commission (FCC). This Regulator is incompetent to impose the theory of Network and Internet Neutrality.

Main information

The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit strikes down a decision that the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the American telecommunications regulation agency, had taken against an Internet service provider, on the grounds that the FCC is incompetent to impose the theory of network neutrality on Internet service providers.

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