Search results (1064 cards)

Advanced search

Autorités administratives indépendantes et pouvoir de sanction

Complete reference : CHAINAIS, Cécile, FENOUILLET, Dominique (ed.), Les sanctions en droit contemporain, vol. 1, La sanction, entre technique et politique, coll. "L'esprit du droit", Dalloz, 2012, 634 p

Translated summaries

The translated summaries are done by the Editors and not by the Authors.

ENGLISH

The main theme of the eighth issue of The Journal of Regulation is that of Neutrality in systems of economic regulation in accordance with the conference that the Journal organized around this issue. This question is essential for a number of reasons: on one hand, companies sometimes demand that regulation be ‘neutral’ in the impact it has on their economic activities. On the other hand, States have other reasons for believing that regulation palliates market failure by using price-fixing to restore neutrality in certain sectors of the economy that are incapable of producing a fair market price. Still others believe that Regulation is not neutral because it intervenes against the neutrality of the market by imposing access to common goods, social policy concerns, etc.

FRENCH

Le principal thème du 8° numéro du Journal of Regulation est la question de la neutralité dans les systèmes de régulation économique, telle qu’elle avait été examinée dans le colloque annuel du Journal. Cette question est essentielle pour un certains nombres de raisons. D’une part, les entreprises exigent parfois que les régulation soient "neutres" dans les activités économiques des entreprises. D’autre part, les Etats peuvent avoir d’autres raisons d’adopter des régulations que de palier des défaillances de marchés, lesquelles sont incapables de produire des prix. Les Etats restaurent alors par leurs interventions une neutralité que les marchés ne peuvent pas techniquement engendrer. D’autres croient encore que la Régulation n’est pas neutre parce qu’elle intervient précisément contre la neutralité du marché, en imposant l’accès pour tous à des biens communs, décisions politiques adoptées pour des considérations de politique sociale.

ITALIAN

Il tema principale di questo ottavo numero de The Journal of Regulation è la Neutralità nei sistemi di regolazione economica in linea con la conferenza organizzata dalla rivista relativamente a tale tema. Tale tema riveste un’importanza fondamentale per diverse ragioni: da un lato, le società talvolta richiesto che tale regolazione sia neutrale rispetto all’impatto provocato sulle loro attività economiche. Inoltre, gli Stati hanno diverse ragioni per considerare che la regolazione riduca il rischio di disfunzioni del mercato usando il potere di fissazione del prezzo garantendo così la neutralità che certi settori sono incapaci di raggiungere in quanto incapaci di stabilire un prezzo equo di mercato. Infine, altri ritengono che la Regolazione non sia neutrale in quanto interviene sulla neutralità del mercato ed impone l’accesso ai beni comuni, obiettivi di politica sociale, ecc.

ESPAGNOL

El tema principal del 8º volumen del Journal of Regulation es a cuestión de la neutralidad en los sistemas de regulación económica, tal como ha sido examinada en coloquio anual del Journal. Esta cuestión es esencial por varias razones. De una parte, las empresas a veces exigen que las regulaciones sean “neutras” en las actividades económicas de las empresas. Por otra parte, los Estados pueden tener otras razones para adoptar regulaciones , a parte de lidiar con los fallos de los mercados, los cuales son incapaces de producir precios. Los Estados restauran, a través de sus intervenciones, una neutralidad que los mercados no pueden engendrar. Algunos siguen pensando que la Regulación no es neutra porque interviene precisamente en contra de la neutralidad del mercado, al imponer el acceso universal a bienes comunes, decisiones políticas adoptadas por consideraciones de política social.

ARABIC

الموضوع الرّئيسي للطبعة الثامنة لمجلة التنظيم هو الحياد في النّواضم الاقتصادية وفقا للمؤتمر أللذي انتظم حول هذه القضية. هذا السّؤال ضروري لأسباب متعدّدة : أوّلا، الشّركات تطلب في بعض الأحيان "محايدة" اللّوائح في تأثير على أنشطتها الاقتصادية. من ناحية أخرى، فإن الدول الأخرى يعتقدون أن التّنظيم يخفّف من فشل السوق بمساعدة استخدام التسعير من أجل استعادة الحياد في القطاعات الاقتصاد غير القادرة على إنتاج سعر السوق العادل. لا يزال البعض يعتقد أن التنظيم ليس محايدا لأنّه يأتي ضدّ الحياد السوق عن طريق اشتراط الحصول على الملكية المشتركة، والمخاوف من السياسة الاجتماعية، الخ

....................

Other translations forthcoming.

Les autorités administratives indépendantes et la régulation des marchés

L'Economie Industrielle en évolution. Les faits face aux théories.

Usually the companies in charge of a public service established with the State of the "plan contract". In application of the "Code de l'aviation civile (Civil Aviation Code), the private company "Aéroports De Paris - ADP" (Paris Airports) establishes a "contract of regulation". This one develops "contracts of economic regulation". They must generate visibility for the company and for the customers, set ceilings for the royalty, set quality objectives, respect the just remuneration of invested capital. The new "regulation agreement" concluded between the French State and "Aéroports De Paris - ADP" (Paris Airports) covers the 2011-2015 period, presented as a period of transition towards the profitability of capital. This contract was signed in July 2010. The contract was presented to investors June 27, 2012 in its implementation, "Aéroports De Paris - ADP (Paris Airports) progressing in its profitability.

It quarrels on the best model of banking regulation, but the key is to determine the criteria against which we fight. However, two representatives of the Bank of England, during the global meeting of central bankers in Jackson Hole in the US, have appointed what they believe to be the relevant criterion: simplicity. In a short intervention, they stressed that the North American banking regulation would make about 30,000 pages and 60,000 pages for the European Union. Entitling their speech "Dog and Frisbee", they said that it is equivalent to require that a dog learns Newton's laws before catching the Frisbee. Under these conditions, many would would like to return to Glass-Steagall Act, the mere fact that this law was simple.

Complete reference : Berns, Th., Si les entreprises ont une âme, in Berns, Th., Docquir, P.F., Frydman, B., Hennebeel, L. et Lewkewicz, G., Responsabilités des entreprises et corégulation, coll. "Penser le droit", Bruylant ed, Bruxelles, 2007, p.51-78.