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L'influence du droit européen sur les catégories du droit public

Procedure is that by which a body of law finds its unity: the right to an impartial tribunal, as stated in Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, created a new unit in Regulation Law, as it also requires from Regulatory Authorities to "show" their impartiality whenever they act as courts.

Nevertheless, little by little, the national courts and the ECHR itself indicated the contours of this right, which cannot, admittedly, end up nullifying the effectiveness of the mission of Regulators.

It is assumed that whenever a Regulatory Authority intervenes whether in "civil matters", i.e., when it affects the civil rights or the property rights of a person, or in "criminal matters", i.e., when it sanctions a significantly serious behavior, the individuals that are exposed to the power of the Regulator are protected against it by the right to impartiality. Since the regulator has the power to judge, it also has to respond to the condition of impartiality.

As such, not only those within the Regulatory Authority involved should not be in conflict of interest or have already experienced the event (personal, subjective and/or objective impartiality), but the Authority in its organization and processes itself shall give to see its impartiality to the person who is threatened by its power- and, beyond, to the entire society. This objective structural impartiality is called after English law "apparent impartiality."

Yet such a structural impartiality is subject to conditions and limitations, which the 5th section of the ECHR reminded in its 1 September 2016 judgment about the French Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF)(French version only).

Read the analysis below.

Complete reference: GERMAIN, Michel and MAGNIER, Véronique, Traité de droit des affaires - Les sociétés commerciales (Law Treaty - Commercial companies), 21th ed., LGDJ - Lextenso éditions, Paris, 1054 p.

 

This book is written in French.

On listed companies, see p. 799-1034.

Read paperback.

Read the table of contents.

Translated Summaries

ENGLISH

On the 16 september 2011, the German Land of Schleswig-Holstein is the first in Germany to implement a law on online gambling, which appears to be one of the most modern and liberal in Europe.

FRENCH

Le 16 septembre 2011, le land allemand de Schleswig-Holstein est le premier en Allemagne à appliquer une loi sur les jeux en ligne, qui semble être l’une des plus modernes et des plus libérales en Europe.

SPANISH

Informe Temático (el Juego): El Land of Schleswig-Holstein alemán implementa una nueva ley sobre el juego en la red.

El 16 de septiembre del 2011, el Land of Schleswig-Holstein alemán es el primero en Alemania de implementar una ley sobre el juego en la red, lo cual aparenta ser una de los más modernos y liberales en Europa.

 

 

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Other translations forthcoming.

The United Kingdom is probably country of "self-regulation", many academics devote studies, regulators praise its merits, the legislation puts it in place. This is in the area of the press. The electronic media are regulated by OFCOM, but the written press is still self-regulated. British tradition remains so.

La presse britannique, dont on connait la variété du niveau, du Daily Mirror à The Economist et à propos de laquelle les scandales sont nombreux à propos des violations de vie privée et des méthodes pour acquérir les informations, est "autorégulée".

C'est pourquoi un rapport a été publié en 2012, le rapport Leveson, lui-même continuant à recommander l'autorégulation. Sur cette recommandation, a été élaborée le Press Recognition Panel (PRP), entré dans le système juridique par une "Charte royale" le 30 octobre 2013, articulé avec un organe de supervision, le Independent Monitor for the Press (IMPRESS), créé quelques mois plus tard. On ne sait si cela avait bien fonctionné, mais le 8 septembre 2014 le premier organisme est absorbé par le second.

Main information

A French Bill on banking and Financial Regulation was registered with the Presidency of the “Assemblée Nationale” (the lower house of the French Parliament, the National Assembly) on December 16th 2009, and plans for the creation of a council on financial regulation and systemic risk.

The Global Committee is made up of academic correspondents who partner with the Journal of Regulation and Compliance (JoRC) in long-term activities of scientific events.

It meets at least once a year to discuss the themes that will be given priority in the following months in joint scientific activities coordinated by the Journal of Regulation & Compliance (JoRC).

 

  

  

  

   

The case of Libor continues to produce its effects. Some of its ramifications are jurisdictional, through prosecution for price manipulation or cartel, some are normative, through institutional reflections about reforms deemed necessary of the Libor mechanism. After UK, it's the turn for the European Commission to organize a large consultation about it.