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The “Conseil économique, social et environnemental – CESE” (French Economic, Social and Environmental Council) expressed its approval of the “Stratégie nationale de développement durable SNDD” (new French National Strategy for Sustainable Development), on January 27 2010, which has been drawn up by the Government for the period 2009-2013. This national strategy is to become the tool for establishing a new model of economic development.

On May 28, 2010, the {Autorité de régulation des communications électroniques et des postes} (ARCEP — French postal and telecommunications regulatory authority) published a report it ordered from WIK Consult, which details the tangible and intangible benefits accruing to {La Poste} (The French postal service) as a result of its universal service obligation, which are to be included in calculating compensation provided to the universal service provider for its universal service obligations, in application of the European Union’s Third Postal Directive liberalizing the postal market in the European Union. This report is critical in tone, but {La Poste} takes issue with its methodology and conclusions.

From 1993 to 2006, Sophie Schiller was an associate Professor at the HEC School of Management, in charge of the Majeure stratégie fiscale et juridique international (Major in international taxation and legal strategy), and responsible for teaching civil law to first year students. From 1999 to 2006 she was co-director of the Master in Business Law at Université Paris 13, an elected member of the Academic and Research Committee (comité scientifique) and the Secretary of the Commission de droit privé (Commission on Private Law). Since 2006, she is in charge of teaching business contract law, corporate law and competition law to postgraduate students at Université Lille 2.

Alain Couret is a Doctor of Law and a professeur agrégé des Universités. He is a professor at the Sorbonne Law School, where he teaches corporate law and financial markets law. (...)

The “Conseil économique, social et environnemental – CESE” (French Economic, Social and Environmental Council) expressed its approval of the “Stratégie nationale de développement durable SNDD” (new French National Strategy for Sustainable Development), on January 27 2010, which has been drawn up by the Government for the period 2009-2013. This national strategy is to become the tool for establishing a new model of economic development.

ENGLISH:

The statutory audit forms part of the way in which stakeholders in companies obtain reliable financial information, thereby contributing to the efficient working of an open economy. In fact, the statutory audit is above all a matter of confidence. By opining on the reliability and the fairness of financial statements, statutory auditors add confidence to for-profit and not-for-profit relationships, and equally throughout the economy and to society in general.

PORTUGUESE

Artigo (Finanças): Um obstáculo para o desenvolvimento e a emergência de empresas de auditoria de envergadura internacional?

A auditoria legal faz parte do modo segundo o qual os interessados nas empresas (“Stakeholders”) obtêm informação financeira confiável, contribuindo para o funcionamento eficiente de uma economia aberta. Com efeito, a auditoria legal é, acima de tudo, uma questão de confiança. Através da opinião sobre a confiabilidade e a justeza de posições financeiras, auditores legais dão confiança para relações dirigidas ao lucro e relações não dirigidas ao lucro, e também para a economia e a sociedade em geral.

CHINESE:

记事（金融）：高水平国际审计事务所的出现及其发展障碍。

 

法定审计是股东获取公司可靠财务信息的一种形式，有助于开放型经济的高效运作。事实上，法定审计的关键在于信任。通过可靠和清晰地财务报表，审计员增进盈利性与非盈利性之间的信任关系，并大体上贯穿于整个经济和当今社会。

GERMAN

Artikel (Finanzen): Ein Hindernis für die Entstehung und Entwicklung von internationalen Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaften?

Die gesetzliche Wirtschaftsprüfung ist eine Quelle verlässlicher finanzieller Informationen für privatwirtschaftliche Interessenvertreter und trägt dadurch zur effizienten Funktionsweise der offenen Marktwirtschaft bei. Gesetzliche Wirtschaftsprüfung ist eine vor allem eine Sache des Vertrauens. Durch die Einschätzung von Verlässlichkeit und Fairness von Finanzberichten, tragen gesetzliche Wirtschaftsprüfer zum Aufbau einer Vertrauensbasis von profitorientierten und nicht-profitorientierten Beziehungen, sowie ganz allgemein für Vertrauen in der Wirtschaft und der Gesellschaft bei.

Translated Summaries

In The Journal of Regulation the summaries’ translation are done by the Editors and not by the authors

ENGLISH

Thematic Report (Media): The French Competition Authority orders the separation of TPS / Canalsatellite and VIVENDI / Canal + following infringement of the terms of their prior merger clearance

On September 20, 2011, the Autorité de la Concurrence (French Competition Authority) examined whether VIVENDI, Universal, and Canal + had respected the remedies they had made in order to obtain merger clearance during their acquisition of TPS and Canalsatellite. This clearance had been granted by the Minister of the Economy on August 30, 2006, on the condition that remedies be made by the acquirers. In 2009, the Competition Authority unilaterally decided to review whether these remedies were kept. Its decision of 2011 ruled that certain remedies were not kept and ordered the breakup of the new entity and the payment of a fine. In doing so, the Competition Authority behaves as though it were a regulator.

ITALIAN

Relazione tematica (Mass-media): L’autorità francese garante della concorrenza ha ordinato la separazione di TPS/Canalsatellite e VIVENDI/Canal + per violazione degli impegni presi nella precedente autorizzazione di fusione

Il 20 settembre 2011 la “Autorité de la Concurrence” (l’autorità francese garante della concorrenza) ha verificato se VIVENDI, Universal e Canal + avevano rispettato gli impegni presi per ottenere la precedente autorizzazione di fusione durante l’acquisto di TPS e Canalsatellite. Questa autorizzazione era stata concesso dal Ministro dell’Economia durante il mese di Agosto 2006, sulla base degli impegni presi dalle società. Nel 2009, l’autorità garante della concorrenza ha unilateralmente deciso di verificare se questi impegni erano stati rispettati. Nella sua decisione del 2011, l’autorità ha deciso che alcuni di questi impegni non erano stati rispettati ed ha ordinato lo scioglimento della nuova entità ed il pagamento di una multa. Così facendo, l’autorità garante della concorrenza si comporta come un’autorità di regolazione.

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Other translations forthcoming.

On the one hand, economic structures, i.e., the centers of economic power, are relevant data for the functioning of the economy, since, especially in the countries in the Southern Hemisphere, they account for important characteristics in the underdevelopment process. On the other hand, as we have observed, these structures are the only ones from which any kind of presumption can be made about the probable behavior of economic agents. What has yet to be defined is the kind of instruments that can be used to define the orientation and behavior of these structures. Economic instruments are worth little as they do not supply concrete economic results that are susceptible to empirical verification. Standing in the way of the use of legal instruments, however, is the apparent difficulty in applying social policy to the economic sphere. For many years, decisions that have affected the economic order have been left primarily to economic theories to which the discussion of values is unfamiliar. It is time therefore, for a legal theory of economic behavior, based on legal procedural values and on the restriction of economic power structures.