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Prudential rules on the own funds of banks adopted by the Basle Committee are biding as soon as they will be transposed in a binding legal text. The new rules of Basel III must take the force of a European directive. This gives rise to a new discussion, nor between the central bank governors (as in Basel), but between Finance Ministers of the European Union member states, in Brussels. On this occasion, each State defends the interest of its banks; the rule advocated by him corresponds to its banking structure or its type of banking business. In any case, the banks, anticipating the application of Basle III, have already integrated the prudential requirements in their accounts, hoping that their State will preserve it.

On May 4, 2012, Ofcom announced the award of four new community radio licences for services in the south west of England. Community raido service are provided on a not-profit basis focusing on the delivery of specific social benefits tot a particular geographical community or a community of interest. The new awards mean that 251 community radio licences have been awordes for four services in Cornwall and Devon. Some radio services are about health thematics or weillbeing and lifestyle topics, others provide community radio services, for example to villages.

Domain names are subject to autoregulation. They are shaped by private contractual standards. This very broad and specific work gives all the rules and compares the legal systems. It includes numerous useful appendices, eg the relationship between ICANN and the registries of national top level domain names. The book also provides bibliographic information.

China begins to emerge from an administered economy. This applies as well to public services as to its method of financing of the economy. That is why is noteworthy the decision of listing of the subsidiary of Chinese subsidiary of the postal service, dedicated to postal express and logistic. Indeed, the Chinese financial regulator, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) admitted on 4 may the listing of this one on the Chinese financial market. But, not only the purpose is to list an activity, certainly competitive, but organically attached to a public service, but also it's about to list a very important company. This occurs, and then while few Chinese companies are currently listed. In a single event, a double movement occurs: confidence in the mechanism of the financial market and the growing liberalisation of public services.

Handbook On The Politics Of Regulation

It was expected that the CEO of the Citigroup Bank receive for 2011 a salary of 15 million, a part immediately, and the other part deferred, and approximately 155 times the average earnings of employees, and while the Citigroup stock price fell from 45% in 2011. Consulting firms advised shareholders to express an unfavourable opinion to this draft resolution, presented in the General Assembly by the Board of Directors of the Bank under the Dodd-Frank Act. Two Consulting firms advised to deliver a negative vote, believing that compensation was disproportionate. Shareholders followed this advice.This is the second time that a such disapproval is expressed.

Régulation, besoins collectifs et concurrence

Translated summaries

The translated summaries are done by the Editors and not by the Authors.

ENGLISH

The main theme of the eighth issue of The Journal of Regulation is that of Neutrality in systems of economic regulation in accordance with the conference that the Journal organized around this issue. This question is essential for a number of reasons: on one hand, companies sometimes demand that regulation be ‘neutral’ in the impact it has on their economic activities. On the other hand, States have other reasons for believing that regulation palliates market failure by using price-fixing to restore neutrality in certain sectors of the economy that are incapable of producing a fair market price. Still others believe that Regulation is not neutral because it intervenes against the neutrality of the market by imposing access to common goods, social policy concerns, etc.

FRENCH

Le principal thème du 8° numéro du Journal of Regulation est la question de la neutralité dans les systèmes de régulation économique, telle qu’elle avait été examinée dans le colloque annuel du Journal. Cette question est essentielle pour un certains nombres de raisons. D’une part, les entreprises exigent parfois que les régulation soient "neutres" dans les activités économiques des entreprises. D’autre part, les Etats peuvent avoir d’autres raisons d’adopter des régulations que de palier des défaillances de marchés, lesquelles sont incapables de produire des prix. Les Etats restaurent alors par leurs interventions une neutralité que les marchés ne peuvent pas techniquement engendrer. D’autres croient encore que la Régulation n’est pas neutre parce qu’elle intervient précisément contre la neutralité du marché, en imposant l’accès pour tous à des biens communs, décisions politiques adoptées pour des considérations de politique sociale.

ITALIAN

Il tema principale di questo ottavo numero de The Journal of Regulation è la Neutralità nei sistemi di regolazione economica in linea con la conferenza organizzata dalla rivista relativamente a tale tema. Tale tema riveste un’importanza fondamentale per diverse ragioni: da un lato, le società talvolta richiesto che tale regolazione sia neutrale rispetto all’impatto provocato sulle loro attività economiche. Inoltre, gli Stati hanno diverse ragioni per considerare che la regolazione riduca il rischio di disfunzioni del mercato usando il potere di fissazione del prezzo garantendo così la neutralità che certi settori sono incapaci di raggiungere in quanto incapaci di stabilire un prezzo equo di mercato. Infine, altri ritengono che la Regolazione non sia neutrale in quanto interviene sulla neutralità del mercato ed impone l’accesso ai beni comuni, obiettivi di politica sociale, ecc.

ESPAGNOL

El tema principal del 8º volumen del Journal of Regulation es a cuestión de la neutralidad en los sistemas de regulación económica, tal como ha sido examinada en coloquio anual del Journal. Esta cuestión es esencial por varias razones. De una parte, las empresas a veces exigen que las regulaciones sean “neutras” en las actividades económicas de las empresas. Por otra parte, los Estados pueden tener otras razones para adoptar regulaciones , a parte de lidiar con los fallos de los mercados, los cuales son incapaces de producir precios. Los Estados restauran, a través de sus intervenciones, una neutralidad que los mercados no pueden engendrar. Algunos siguen pensando que la Regulación no es neutra porque interviene precisamente en contra de la neutralidad del mercado, al imponer el acceso universal a bienes comunes, decisiones políticas adoptadas por consideraciones de política social.

ARABIC

الموضوع الرّئيسي للطبعة الثامنة لمجلة التنظيم هو الحياد في النّواضم الاقتصادية وفقا للمؤتمر أللذي انتظم حول هذه القضية. هذا السّؤال ضروري لأسباب متعدّدة : أوّلا، الشّركات تطلب في بعض الأحيان "محايدة" اللّوائح في تأثير على أنشطتها الاقتصادية. من ناحية أخرى، فإن الدول الأخرى يعتقدون أن التّنظيم يخفّف من فشل السوق بمساعدة استخدام التسعير من أجل استعادة الحياد في القطاعات الاقتصاد غير القادرة على إنتاج سعر السوق العادل. لا يزال البعض يعتقد أن التنظيم ليس محايدا لأنّه يأتي ضدّ الحياد السوق عن طريق اشتراط الحصول على الملكية المشتركة، والمخاوف من السياسة الاجتماعية، الخ

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Other translations forthcoming.

L’influence du droit européen sur le droit public néerlandais

Le rapport entre l'indépendance du régulateur et le choix de l'évaluateur