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Updated: Sept. 25, 2012 (Initial publication: April 1, 2010)

Sectorial Analysis

 

Main information

 

The European Regulation of 16 September 2009 implements a new regulatory framework for credit rating agencies, in order to restore investor and consumer confidence, enable the supervision and transparency of credit ratings, and avoid conflicts of interest.

United States of America

Dec. 10, 2014

Sectorial Analysis

Constitutional Law will have an increasingly important role to play in regulatory Law. This is especially true since the State Council uses its power to filter itself become a sort of Constitutional Court or maybe a Supreme Court.

One can think so reading the UBS decision on the 5th of November 2014.

Indeed, to refuse to transmit to the Conseil constitutionnel (French Constitutional Council)  the priority question of constitutionality formulated by UBS, the French Council of State gives what it believes to be the correct interpretation of the constitutional principle of legality of offenses and penalties in banking regulatory Law.

So to say there is no "question", the Conseil d'État says there is no "problem" because, through the interpretation it gives, the provisions of the Code Monétaire et Financier offers to the Supervisory Authority, the Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de Résolution (ACPR), the power to sanction the bank for having not properly implemented its internal control, comply with the constitutional principle of legality of offenses and penalties, which is applicable in administrative repression.

But because to estimate that there is no "question", it must be said that there is no "problem", it is assumed that the High Administrative Court has acted as Constitutional Court.

We must take note. Is this really what the Constituent wanted by instituting a filter system by the constitutional law of the 23rd July 2008 establishing the priority question on constitutionality? Indeed, in this very sensitive and decisive question of repression in banking and finance, is it not at least to the French Constitutional Council itself to say the authoritative interpretation to remember that the constitutional text it is the guardian?

Updated: June 12, 2012 (Initial publication: June 5, 2012)

Breaking news

A Chinese economic newspaper revealed, by an anonymous source, that the Chinese banking regulator, ordered end of 2011, five first Chinese financial institutions to proceed in the determination and the quality of loans granted, so they rank their bad debt. The control by the regulator through the self-assessment will be made from end of May 2012.

Updated: Sept. 10, 2012 (Initial publication: July 14, 2012)

Sectorial Analysis

Updated: Nov. 4, 2010 (Initial publication: Sept. 9, 2010)

I. Isolated Articles

ENGLISH

Although the industry has faced some difficulties over the past two years, hedge funds play an important role in the global financial system. The benefits these investment vehicles bring to the markets are essentially made possible by flexible and light regulatory regimes. Hedge funds didn’t cause the current crisis, yet there seems to be a consensus among regulators around the world for more regulation: to prevent systemic risk and guarantee investor protection. This paper examines in its first part the relevance of these two arguments. It concludes that although systemic risk may be a legitimate concern, the investor protection argument is questionable. Part II explores what the future of hedge fund regulation could look like. Part III develops the idea that hedge funds do not need more but better regulation (e.g. with costs/benefits analysis, legal framework on a global scale or the creation of a global database for regulators’ use).

FRENCH

Article: Le futur de la régulation des Hedge Funds: une approche comparative: États-Unis, Royaume-Uni, France, Italie et Allemagne

Bien que l'industrie a du faire face à quelques difficultés au court des deux dernières années, les hedge funds jouent un rôle important dans le système financier global. Les bénéfices de ces véhicules d'investissement apportent au marchés sont essentiellement rendus possibles par des régimes régulatoires légers et flexible. Les hedge funds n'ont pas causé la crise actuelle, pourtant, un consensus semble émerger chez les régulateurs du monde pour réguler plus cette activité, cela afin d'éviter le risque systémique et pour garantir la protection des investisseurs. Cet article examine dans un premier temps la pertinence de ces arguments, concluant que la prévention du risque systémique peut être une préoccupation légitime, mais que l'argument de la protection des investisseurs est plus douteux.  La deuxième partie de l'article étudie ce à quoi le futur de la régulation des hedge funds pourrait ressembler. La troisième partie développe l'idée selon laquelle les hedge funds n'ont pas besoin de plus mais de meilleure régulation (par exemple avec l'analyse coûts/bénéfices, la mise en oeuvre d'un cadre légal à une échelle globale ou la création d'une base de données globale à destination des régulateurs)


GERMAN

Artikel: die Zukunft der Hedge Funds Regulierung: eine komparative Analyse (Vereinigten Staaten, Grossbritanien, Italien, Frankreich, Deutschland)

Obwohl die Hedge Funds Branche in einer schwierigen Lage in den zwei vorherigen Jahren war, spielen diese Hedge Funds eine wichtige Rolle im globalen finanziellen System. Die Vorteile, die solche Funds mit ihnen ziehen, können erst enstehen dank leichtere Regulierungsbedigungen. Selbst wenn Hedge Funds die Krise nicht verursacht haben, sind die Behörde darauf geeinigt, strengere Regeln durchzusetzen, um dem Verbraucher zu schützen und die Entstehung von Systemrisiken zu vermeiden. Dieser Artikel erforscht im ersten Teil die Gültigkeit solche Argumenten, und zeigt wie die Wirksmakeit der Verbraucherschutz des durch Hedge Funds Regulierung zweifelhaft ist. Dann wird beschrieben, was die Zukunft der Regulierung sein werden könnte. Und endlich wird analysiert, wie die Hedge Funds Branche eher bessere als weitere Regulierung braucht (insb. bessere Aufwand-Nutzen-Analyse, globalen Richtlinien und die Gründung einer globalen Datenbank für die Regulierungsbehörden).

 

SPANISH

El futuro de la regulación de los fondos de cobertura: Un enfoque comparativo, los Estados Unidos, Gran Bretaña, Francia, Italia y Alemania.

Aunque la industria se ha encontrado con algunas dificultades a lo largo de los últimos dos años, los fondos de cobertura juegan un rol importante en el sistema financiero global. Los beneficios que estos vehículos de inversión fomentan en los mercados son esencialmente posible gracias en gran parte a los regímenes flexibles de la regulación. Los fondos de cobertura no causaron la crisis económica, pero parece existir un consenso general entre economistas abogando por más regulación: para prevenir el riesgo sistemático y garantizar la protección del inversor. Este informe examina en su primera parte dos argumentos. El documento concluye que, aunque la preocupación por el riesgo sistemático puede ser una inquietud legítima, la protección del inversor es cuestionable. La Parte II explora el futuro de la regulación de los fondos de cobertura. La tercera Parte desarrolla la idea que los fondos de cobertura no necesitan de más regulación, sino de mejor regulación (por ejemplo, con el análisis de la relación costo/beneficio, marco legal en escala global o la creación de una base de datos para los reguladores).

 

ITALIAN
 
Articolo: Il futuro della regolazione dei fondi hedge (fondi speculativi): una visione comparativa, Stati Uniti, Gran Bretagna, Francia, Italia e Germania
 
Sebbene l’industria abbia affrontato alcune difficoltà negli ultimi due anni, i fondi hedge giocano un ruolo importante nel sistema finanziario globale. I benefici che tali strumenti di investimento hanno sui mercati sono resi possibili essenzialmente grazie alla flessibilità ed alla semplicità dei regimi di regolamentazione. I fondi hedge non hanno causato la crisi attuale, tuttavia sembra che vi sia un consenso generale tra i regolatori finanziari nel mondo, per un sistema di regole finanziarie più incisivo al fine di prevenire il rischio sistemico e garantire la protezione degli investitori. Tale intervento esamina nella sua prima parte la rilevanza dei questi due obiettivi. Conclude che sebbene il rischio sistemico possa essere una preoccupazione legittima, la protezione degli investitori é discutibile. La seconda parte esamina il possibile futuro della regolazione in materia di fondi hedge. La terza parte sviluppa l’idea che i fondi hedge non necessitino di regolamentazione maggiore, ma di una migliore (ad es. analisi costi/benefici, un quadro normativo su scala globale oppure la creazione di un database globale ad uso degli operatori finanziari).
 
未来对于对冲基金的监管:一种比较的方法(美国、英国、法国、德国、意大利)
 
尽管在过去的两年中工业产业面临着困难,但冲基金依旧在全球金融体系中扮演着重要角色。这些投资工具伴随着灵活轻微的监管制度,基本上能够为市场带来收益。对冲基金并非是引起当前经济危机的罪魁祸首,但在世界范围内对其进行深入监管似乎已成为监管者中的共识:预防系统风险以及保护投资者利益。本文第一部分对于两种争论的关联性进行考察。论证了:尽管对于系统风险的担忧也许存在合理性,但对于投资者保护的争论却是令人质疑的。第二部分探讨了未来冲基金监管可能出现的模式。第三部分认为对于对冲基金不需采取多种监管手段更重要的是落实监管质量(例如:通过成本/收益分析,在世界范围内建立法律框架或者创建一个供监管者使用的全球性数据库)。
 

Updated: April 12, 2010 (Initial publication: April 6, 2010)

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Belgium

Commission des Normes Comptables - North Gate III - Boulevard du Roi Albert II 16, 1000 Bruxelles Téléphone : +32 2 277 61 74 cnc.cbn@cnc-cbn.be

Updated: Jan. 3, 2012 (Initial publication: Sept. 19, 2011)

Translated Summaries